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 |
Badiyyah ()
a desert or semi-arid environment.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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| |
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|
Badr
()
the first full military confrontation between the Muslims and
the enemies of Allah. The battle took place between the
Muslims and the Quraish of Mecca in the second year of Hijrah
(624 C.E.). Eventhough the Muslims were outnumbered, the
final result was to their favor.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Bai
al-urbun ()
'Urbun
refers to the deposit or earnest money that the buyer gives
the seller, on the understanding that it will be part of the
buying price once the sale is finalized. In the event that
the sale falls through the seller keeps this initial amount.
Among the different schools, only the Hanabali's have
validated al'urbun.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Bai
Mu'ajjal (Bay
Mu'ajjal )
Sale based on deferred payment, either in a lump sum or
instalments.
*A sale in which the parties agree that the payment of
price shall be deferred is called a Bai Mu'ajjal.
*Bai Mu'ajjal is valid if the date of payment is fixed in an
unambiguous manner.
*The date of payment can be fixed either with reference to a
particular date, or by specifying a period, like three
months, but it cannot be fixed with reference to a future
event where the exact date is unknown or uncertain. If the
time of payment is unknown or uncertain, the sale is void.
*If a particular period is fixed for payment, like one month,
it will be deemed to commence from the time of delivery,
unless the parties have agreed otherwise.
*The deferred price may be more than the cash price, but it
must be fixed at the time of sale.
*Once the price is fixed, it cannot be decreased if it was
paid earlier, nor can it be increased in the case of default.
*In order to ensure the buyer pays the installments promptly,
the buyer may be asked to promise that in the case of
default, he will donate some specified amount for a
charitable purpose. In such cases, the seller may receive
such an amount from the buyer, not as part of his income, but
to use it for charitable purposes on behalf of the buyer.
*If the commodity is sold on installment, the seller may put
a condition on the buyer that if he fails to pay any
installment on its due date, the remaining installments will
become due immediately.
*In order to secure the payment, the seller may ask the buyer
to furnish a security whether in the form of a mortgage, a
lien or a charge on any of his existing assets.
The buyer can also be asked to sign a promissory note or a
Bill of Exchange, but the note or the bill cannot be sold to
a third party at a price different from its face value.Bai
Salam, also spelled as Bay Salam:
(Source:IslamIQ)
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| |
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Bai
Salam (Bay Salam)
This term refers to the advance payment for goods which are
delivered later. Normally, no sale can be effected unless the
goods are in existence at the time of the bargain. But this
type of sale is the exception to the general rule provided
the goods are defined and the date of delivery is fixed. The
objects of this type of sale are mainly tangible but exclude
gold or silver as these are regarded as having monetary
value. Barring these, bai al-salam covers almost all things
which are capable of being definitely described as to
quantity, quality and workmanship. One of the conditions of
this type of contract is advance payment; the parties cannot
reserve their option of rescinding it but the option of
revoking it on account of a defect in the subject matter is
allowed. It is also applied to a mode of financing adopted by
Islamic banks. It is usually applied in the agricultural
sector, where the bank advances money for various inputs to
receive a share in the crop, which the bank sells in the
market.(Source:IslamIQ)
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| |
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Bai'
()
Literally means sale. Commonly used as a prefix in referring
to different types of sales: Muajjal, Murabahah, Tawliyah and
Wadi'ah.(Source:IslamIQ)
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| |
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Bai'
Bithaman Ajil (Al)
(Al-Bay-Bithaman Ajil (BBA) financing)
In
modern Islamic banking, the term refers to a buying and
selling transaction between the bank (or financial
institution) and the customer, whereby the former buys a
property (or an asset, e.g. a house) at the prevailing market
price and sells it to the customer at a mark-up price where
payments are made by installments over a period of time
agreed upon by both parties. The profit earned by the bank is
legitimate from the Shari'ah point of view since the
transaction is based on a sale contract rather than a loan
contract. Any predetermined profit arising from the loan is
prohibited in Islam as it amounts to Riba.(Source:IslamIQ)
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| |
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Baitul
Mal ()
An
Islamic treasury intended for the community development as
well as provision for Masakeen (needy Muslims).(Source:IslamIQ)
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Bakka'in ()
means weepers. These were the people that could not accompany
the Prophet on his campaign to Tabuk because they lacked the
resources to do so. They started to weep when they could not
go.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Baligh
()
One who is has reached the age of maturity.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
|
|
Baqi
()
the cemetery where a good many of the Sahabah are buried.
It is in the south-east side of Madinah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Barakah ()
means blessing or Divine Grace.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
|
Barakallah (BARAKALLA
BARAKALAH)
This is an expression which means:May the blessings of
Allah (be upon you).When a Muslim wants to thank to another
person, he uses different statements to express his thanks,
appreciation, and gratitude. One of them is to sayBaraka
Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Basmalah (
bus-mal-lah)
Name for the Arabic formula pronounced by Muslims at
various times for various reasons. The formula "Bismillah
ar-Rahman ar-Raheem," means "In the Name of God, the
Gracious, the Merciful" and is said before any act or
activity of importance, such as travelling, eating a meal,
rising from sleep, etc.
(Source:CIE)
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|
Batil ()
means false of falsehood.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Batil ()
Null and void.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Batul ()
means ascetic. It is ascribed to Fatimah (the Prophets
daughter) and the Virgin Mary.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Bawadi ()
plural form of Badiyyah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Bay'ah ()
it is an oath of allegiance. To make a pledge.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Bayt
al-mal ()
the State Treasury in an Islamic State.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
Bi'thah ()
the beginning of the Prophet's mission, his call to
Prophethood in 610 C.E..
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Bilal ibn Rabah
(bee-laal ibin ra-baah)
An early convert to Islam, he was one of the Sahabah
(companions) of the Prophet. He was also the first mueddhin
(caller to prayer) in Muslim history.
(Source:CIE)
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Bismillahir rahmanir rahim
()
This is a phrase from the Qur'an that is recited before
reading the Qur'an. It is to be read immediately after one
reads the phrase:A'uzu Billahi Minashaitanir Rajim.
This phrase is also recited before doing any daily
activity. The meaning of it is:In the name of Allah, the
Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Black Muslims ()
A term designating African-Americans who adhere to the
teachings of the organization known as the Nation of Islam.
So-called "Black Muslims" are not to be confused with
Muslims (followers of universal Islam) of African-American
or African origin. Likewise, the Nation of Islam, a
nationalistic organization, is not to be confused with the
mainstream, universal world religion Islam.
(Source:CIE)
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Buraq (boo-raak)
A winged creature, unknown to earth, which transported
Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Jerusalem and thence to
Heaven during his miraculous Night Journey and Ascension (Isra'
and Mir'aj) in 619 C.E.
(Source:CIE)
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Busr
()
means partially ripe dates.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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C.E.
()
stands for Christian Era. It is used instead of A.D. in
Islamic text referring to the dates before the Hijrah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Caliph ()
See Khalifah (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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Call
to Prayer ()
See Adhan. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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|
Charity ()
See Sadaqah. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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|
Covenant ()
a solemn agreement between two or more persons or groups, a
compact between God and man. The Old Testament tells of the
covenant the Jews made with Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
|
|
Da'iy
()
Muslim missionary involved in Da'wah. It can also have a
general meaning reffering to someone who calls others to a
certain belief.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Da'wah
()
inviting others to Islam. Missionary work.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Daff
()
tambourine used in Arabia.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Daroorah ()
Necessity.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Day of
Judgement ()
Belief in the Day of Judgement is a basic article of faith in
Islam. After God ends the present world and order of
creation, a day will follow on which He will judge every
person according to his or her intentions, deeds, and
circumstances. Judgement by God is followed by punishment in
Hell or eternal reward in Paradise.
(Source:CIE)
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Dayn
()
Loan or debt.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Declaration of Faith
()
See Shahadah. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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|
Deen
()
A
term commonly used to mean "religion," but actually referring
to the totality of Muslim beliefs and practices. Thus, Islam
as a deen is a "complete way of life."
(Source:CIE)
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Dhaman
al-'Amal ()
Liability underlying a partnership formed on the basis of
labor, where the partner is liable for performing the
contract or completing the work accepted by either partner.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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Dhaman
al-Thaman ()
Liability underlying a partnership formed on the basis of
credit-worthiness where each partner is liable, jointly and
severally, for paying the price of goods bought on credit.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Dhikr
(ZIKR)
remembrance for the sake of Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Dhikr
(dhik-er)
Remembrance of Allah [God] through verbal or mental
repetition of His divine attributes or various religious
formulas, such as "Soob-han Allah," meaning "Glory be to
God." Dhikr is a common practice among all Muslims, but is
especially emphasized by Sufis.
(Source:CIE)
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| |
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Dhimmi
()
a non-Muslim living under the protection of a Muslim state.
He is exempt from duties of Islam like military and zakah but
must instead pay a tax called jizyah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Dhimmi
(dhim-mee)
A
person belonging to the category of "protected people" (ahl
ad-dhimmah) within the Islamic state. Historically, Jews and
Christians traditionally received this status due to their
belief in One God, but others such as Zoroastrians, Buddhists
and Hindus were also included. Dhimmis had full rights to
practice their faith and implement their own religious laws
within their communities. In exchange for a guarantee of
protection and exemption from military service, dhimmis payed
a specific tax to the state, just as their fellow Muslim
citizens did. (Source:CIE)
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Dhu-n
nurayn (ZHU-N NURAYN)
it means 'Possessor of the Two Lights'. It is used to refer
to Uthman ibn Affan because he married two of the Prophet's
daughters.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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|
Diminishing Musharakah
()
Another form of Musharakah (a financing mode), developed in
recent years. According to this concept, a financier and his
client participate either in the joint ownership of a
property or equipment, or in a joint commercial enterprise.
The share of the financier is further divided into a number
of units and it is understood that the client will purchase
the units of the share of the financier one by one
periodically, thus increasing his own share until all the
units of the financier are purchased by him so as to make him
the sole owner of the property, or the commercial enterprise,
as the case may be.(Source:IslamIQ)
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|
Din
()
means way of life or religion.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Dinar
()
Gold coinage; one dinar is 4.4 grams of gold.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
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|
Dirham
()
a silver coin.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dirham
()
Name of a unit of currency, usually a silver coin used in the
past in several Muslim countries and still used in some
Muslim countries, such as Morocco and United Arab Emirates.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
|
|
Dhikr (ZIKR)
remembrance for the sake of Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dhikr (dhik-er)
Remembrance of Allah [God] through verbal or mental
repetition of His divine attributes or various religious
formulas, such as "Soob-han Allah," meaning "Glory be to
God." Dhikr is a common practice among all Muslims, but is
especially emphasized by Sufis.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dhimmi ()
a non-Muslim living under the protection of a Muslim state.
He is exempt from duties of Islam like military and zakah
but must instead pay a tax called jizyah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dhimmi (dhim-mee)
A person belonging to the category of "protected people" (ahl
ad-dhimmah) within the Islamic state. Historically, Jews
and Christians traditionally received this status due to
their belief in One God, but others such as Zoroastrians,
Buddhists and Hindus were also included. Dhimmis had full
rights to practice their faith and implement their own
religious laws within their communities. In exchange for a
guarantee of protection and exemption from military
service, dhimmis payed a specific tax to the state, just as
their fellow Muslim citizens did.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dhu-n
nurayn (ZHU-N
NURAYN)
it means 'Possessor of the Two Lights'. It is used to refer
to Uthman ibn Affan because he married two of the Prophet's
daughters.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Diminishing Musharakah
()
Another form of Musharakah (a financing mode), developed in
recent years. According to this concept, a financier and
his client participate either in the joint ownership of a
property or equipment, or in a joint commercial enterprise.
The share of the financier is further divided into a number
of units and it is understood that the client will purchase
the units of the share of the financier one by one
periodically, thus increasing his own share until all the
units of the financier are purchased by him so as to make
him the sole owner of the property, or the commercial
enterprise, as the case may be.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Din
()
means way of life or religion.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dinar ()
Gold coinage; one dinar is 4.4 grams of gold.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dirham ()
a silver coin.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Dirham ()
Name of a unit of currency, usually a silver coin used in
the past in several Muslim countries and still used in some
Muslim countries, such as Morocco and United Arab Emirates.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
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|
Eid
(EED 'EID)
The word 'Eid is an Arabic name to mean a festivity, a
celebration, a recurring happiness, and a feast. In Islam,
there are two major 'Eids namely the feast of Ramadhan ('EId
Al-Fitr) and the Feast of Sacrifice ('Eid Al-Adhha). The
first 'Eid is celebrated by Muslims after fasting the month
of Ramadhan as a matter of thanks and gratitude to Almighty
Allah. It takes place on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth
month of the lunar calendar. The second 'Eid is the Feast of
Sacrifice and it is to be celebrated for the memory of
prophet Ibrahim trying to sacrifice his son Isma'il
(Ishmael). This 'Eid lasts four days between the tenth and
the thirteenth day of Zul-Hijjah, the twelfth month of the
lunar calendar.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
|
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Eid
(eed)
Eid is an Arabic term meaning "festivity" or "celebration."
Muslims celebrate two major religious holidays, known as Eid
al-Fitr (which takes place after Ramadan), and Eid al-Adha
(which occurs at the time of the Hajj). A traditional
greeting used by Muslims around the time of Eid is "Eid
Mubarak," meaning "May your holiday be blessed." A special
congregational Eid worship, visitation of family and friends,
new clothing, specially-prepared foods and sweets, and gifts
for children characterize these holidays.
(Source:CIE)
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Eve
()
See Hawwa (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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|
Fa'idah ()
Benefit. In investment context it means return on investment.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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Fadl (Riba)
()
A
type of interest. Taking something of superior quality in
exchange for the same kind of thing of poorer quality. Allah
Subhana wa Ta'ala has strictly prohibited any kind of Riba
and has warned of severe punishment for those who have any
association with it. See the Holy Qur' an, Surah Al-Baqara
(2):275-280(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
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|
Fajr
()
the obligatory salah, prayer, before sunrise.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
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|
Falas
()
:
Bankrupt(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Faqeeh
()
An
Islamic scholar who can give an authoritative legal opinion
or judgement.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
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|
Faqih
()
a person who is an expert on Islamic jurisprudence (law),
fiqh.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Faqir
()
A
poor person.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
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|
Fard
()
something which is obligatory on a Muslim. It is sometimes
used in reference to the obligatory part of salaah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fard
()
Obligatory. An act which is obligatory on Muslims.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Fard
(furd)
A
term designating that which is an obligatory (required)
belief or practice in Islam. For example, under normal
circumstances, performing wudu (ritual washing) before
offering formal worship is fard for Muslims.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
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|
Fard 'Ain
()
An
action which is obligatory on every Muslim.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Fard
al-Kifayah ()
Collective duty. A duty on the whole community. However, if
the duty has been fulfilled by a part of that community then
the rest are not obliged to fulfill it.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Faruq
(Farooq Farouk Farook)
this was the name given to Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It means 'One
who distinguishes the truth from falsehood'.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
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|
Fasiq
()
One of corrupt moral character who engages in various sins.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Fasting ()
See Sawm. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fatwa
()
legal opinion concerning Islamic Law.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fatwa
()
A
legal verdict given on a religious basis. The sources on
which a fatwa is based are the Holy Qur'an, Sahih Bukhari and
Muslim, and all other authenticated Ahadeeth. Plural: Fatawa.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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|
Fatwa
(fut-wa)
A
legal ruling in Shari'ah (Islamic Law), made by a learned and
qualified scholar, usually in response to an unprecedented
situation or to address a novel issue.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
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|
Festivities ()
Other than the two general feasts, there are few festivities
that Muslims do enjoy. These are related to different
activities or functions. Some of these activities are:
- 'Aqiqah: It is a dinner reception to
be made after a child is born. Relatives, friends, and
neighbors are invited for such an occasion.
- Walimah: It is a dinner reception to
be made after a marriage is consummated. It is offered by
the parents and/or by the married couples. Friends,
relatives, and neighbors are also invited.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fidyah
()
Compensation for missing or wrongly practising necessary acts
of worship.Fidyah usually takes the form of donating money or
foodstuff, or sacrificing an animal.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
|
|
Fiqh
( FIQAH FIQHA)
The meaning of the word fiqh is understanding,
comprehension, knowledge, and jurisprudence in Islam. A
jurist is called a Faqih who is an expert in matters of
Islamic legal matters.
A Faqih is to pass verdicts within the rules of the Islamic
Law namely Shariah.
The most famous scholars of Fiqh in the history Muslims are
the founders of the four schools of thought in Islam: Imam
Malik, Imam Ash-Shafi'i, Imam Abu Hanifah, and Imam Ahmad.
Anything or action in Islam falls within the following five
categories of Fiqh:
- Fardh (Must): This category is a
must for the Muslim to do such as the five daily prayers.
Doing the Fardh counts as a good deed, and not doing it
is considered a bad deed or a sin.
It is also called Wajib except for Imam Abu Hanifah who
makes Wajib a separate category between the Fardh and the
Mubah.
- Mandub (Recommended): This category
is recommended for the Muslim to do such as extra prayers
after Zuhr and Maghrib. Doing the Mandub counts as a good
deed and not doing it does not count as a bad deed or a
sin.
- Mubah (Allowed): This category is
left undecided and left for the person, such as eating
apples or oranges. Doing or not doing the Mubah does not
count as a good or bad deed.
Intention of the person can change Mubah to Fard, Mandub,
Makruh, or Haram.
Other things could also change the status of the Mubah.
For example, any Mubah becomes Haram if it is proven
harmful, and any necessary thing to fulfill a Fardh is a
Fardh too.
- Makruh (Hated): This category is a
detested and hated such as growing fingernails or
sleeping on the stomach. Not doing the Makruh counts as a
good deed and doing it does not count as a bad deed.
- Haram (Prohibited): This category is
prohibited for the Muslim to do such as stealing and
lying. Doing the haram counts as a bad deed and not doing
it counts as a good deed.
Imam Abu Hanifah also puts another category between the
Makruh and the Haram. It is called Karahah Tahrimiyyah
which means hated almost to the level of Haram.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fiqh
()
Islamic jurisprudence.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fiqh
(fik)
Literally "understanding," this term refers to the body of
knowledge and legal opinions developed by Muslim jurists
and scholars from the primary sources in Islam, the Qur'an
and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad. Fiqh is essentially the
interpretation and application of Shari'ah to specific
circumstances or issues.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
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|
Fitnah ()
means civil strife, war, riots.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fitrah (fit-rah)
An Arabic term designating the innate, original spiritual
orientation of every human being towards God the Creator.
Muslims believe that God endowed everything in Creation
with a tendency towards goodness, piety and
God-consciousness, and that one's environment, upbringing,
and circumstances serve to enhance or obscure this
tendency. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Five
Pillars of Islam, The
()
A term referring to the five core religious practices
incumbent upon all Muslims, and which demonstrate a
Muslim's commitment to God in word and in deed. They are as
follows(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fuqaha ()
plural form of faqih.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Fuqahaa ()
Jurists.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| Jahalah ()
Uncertainty in a contract that may lead to a later dispute; see gharar.(Source:IslamIQ)
| | | | Jahannam ()
means Hell.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jahannam (ja-hun-num)
A term found in the Qur'an in reference to Hell, described as a place of torment, sorrow, and remorse. Islam teaches that God does not wish to send anyone to Hell, yet justice demands that righteous people be rewarded and those who insist on evil living without repentance and on denial of God be punished. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jahiliyyah ()
means ignorant. Jahiliyyah refers to the pre-Islamic era that existed in Arabia. It is a combination of views, ideas, and practices that totally defy and reject the guidance sent down by God through His Prophets.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jahiliyyah (jaa-he-lee-yah)
A term designating a state of ignorance and immorality. This term is commonly used by Muslims to refer to the pre-Islamic era in Arabia, when immorality, oppression, and evil were rampant. Some may use the term to describe aspects of modern living as well. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jalbab ()
this is a long loose fitting garment worn by the Arabs.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Janazah (ja-naa-zah)
The Muslim funeral prayer, performed as a sign of respect and goodwill for a deceased Muslim, immediately prior to burial. The prayer reminds all Muslims of their ultimate mortality, thereby reinforcing an ethic of righteous and God-conscious living. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jannah ()
means Paradise.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jannah (jun-nah)
A term found in the Qur'an in reference to Heaven, described as a place of happiness, contentment, and vitality. A reward for the righteous and God-conscious, Paradise is often described as a blissful garden, where people live in eternal comfort and joy. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jazakallahu khayran (JAZAKALLAHU KHAIRAN JAZAKALLAH KHAIR JAZAKALLAHU KHAIR)
This is a statement of thanks and appreciation to be said to the person who does a favor. Instead of sayingthanks(Shukran), the Islamic statement of thanks is to say this phrase. Its meaning is:May Allah reward you for the good.
It is understood that human beings can't repay one another enough. Hence, it is better to request Almighty Allah to reward the person who did a favor and to give him the best.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | Jerusalem ()
See (al)-Quds. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jesus ()
See Isa. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jibreel ()
Muslims believe that angels are among God's many creations. Jibreel (Gabriel in English) is believed to be one of the most important angels, as he was reponsible for transmitting God's divine revelations to all of the human prophets, ending with Muhammad. Due to his special role in bridging the divine and human realms, he is referred to in the Qur'an as a Spirit (ruh) from God. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jihad (JIHAAD)
It is an Arabic word the root of which is Jahada, which means to strive for a better way of life. The nouns are Juhd, Mujahid, Jihad, and Ijtihad. The other meanings are: endeavor, strain, exertion, effort, diligence, fighting to defend one's life, land, and religion.
Jihad should not be confused with Holy War; the latter does not exist in Islam nor will Islam allow its followers to be involved in a Holy War. The latter refers to the Holy War of the Crusaders.
Jihad is not a war to force the faith on others, as many people think of it. It should never be interpreted as a way of compulsion of the belief on others, since there is an explicit verse in the Qur'an that says:There is no compulsion in religionAl-Qur'an: Al-Baqarah (2:256).
Jihad is not a defensive war only, but a war against any unjust regime. If such a regime exists, a war is to be waged against the leaders, but not against the people of that country. People should be freed from the unjust regimes and influences so that they can freely choose to believe in Allah.
Not only in peace but also in war Islam prohibits terrorism, kidnapping, and hijacking, when carried against civilians. Whoever commits such violations is considered a murderer in Islam, and is to be punished by the Islamic state. during wars, Islam prohibits Muslim soldiers from harming civilians, women, children, elderly, and the religious men like priests and rabies. It also prohibits cutting down trees and destroying civilian constructions.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jihad (ji-haad)
Jihad is an Arabic word which derives from the three-letter root j-h-d, and means "to exert oneself" or "to strive." Other meanings include endeavor, strain, effort, diligence, struggle. Usually understood in terms of personal betterment, jihad may also mean fighting to defend one's (or another's) life, property, and faith. Because jihad is a highly nuanced concept, it should not be understood to mean "holy war," a common misrepresentation. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jinn (JIN GINN)
These are spiritual beings that inhabit the world and are required to follow the orders of Allah and are accountable for their deeds. They can be good or bad, just like people. The word Jinn in Arabic means hidden, which indicates that they are invisible creatures. They were created by Allah from fire.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jinn ()
A class of creation in some ways similar to human beings. Though they are non-physical beings, they possess, like humans, a free will. Thus, they may choose to obey or disobey God's commandments, and will ultimately be held accountable for their actions. Occasionally they involve themselves in the lives of human beings, causing confusion and fright, though not all jinns are believed to be malevolent. (Source:CIE)
| | | | Jizya ()
A tax imposed on non-Muslims who are under Muslim country.(Source:IslamIQ)
| | | | Jizyah ()
a tax paid by non-Muslims living in a Muslim State. Since the non-Muslims are exempt from military service and taxes imposed on Muslims, they must pay this tax to compensate. It guarentees them security and protection. If the State cannot protect those who paid jizyah, then the amount they paid is returned to them.
(Source:MSA-USC)
| | | | Jo'alah (Joaalah)
The undertaking of one party (the Jael, bank or employer) to pay a specified amount of money to another party in return for rendering a specified service in accordance with the terms of contract.(Source:IslamIQ)
| | |
|
|
Ka'bah ()
An empty cube-shaped structure located in the city of
Makkah (in modern-day Saudi Arabia). Built by Prophet
Abraham and his son Prophet Ishma'il about 4,000 years ago,
the Ka'bah stands as the first building dedicated to the
worship of the One God. The Ka'bah is made of stone, and is
covered by a black and gold cloth embroidered with verses
from the Qur'an. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafalah bi al-Thaman
()
Surety for paying the price or sum if unpaid by the person
originally liable.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafil ()
A person providing surety or a guarantor.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafir ()
a person who refuses to submit himself to Allah (God), a
disbeliever in God.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kalam (KALAAM)
Talk or speech as inkalamu Allah; has also been used
through the ages to mean logic or philosophy.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khadijah (kha-dee-jah)
The first wife of Prophet Muhammad, and during her
lifetime, the only one. Khadijah was a successful
businesswoman in Makkah who employed Muhammad as a
merchant/trader because of his well-known reputation for
honesty and trustworthiness. The Prophet was married to her
for 25 years until her death at the age of 65 in 619 C.E.
They had two sons [both died in infancy] and four daughters
together. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khalifah (KHALIFAAH
KHALIFAA KHALEEFAH KHALEEFA)
The word Khalifah refers to the successor or representative
of Prophet Muhammad (saas) or to one of his successors.
This person acts as the head of state for the Muslim Ummah.
Another title for the Khalifah (English Caliph) is Amir Al-Mu'mineen
which means 'the leaders of the believers'.
The immediate Caliphs were Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Omar Ibn Al-Khattab,
Othman Ibn 'Affan, and 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib. These were given
the nickname of Al-Khulafa'Ar-Rashidun (The Guided
Caliphs).
Another use for this word is used for humanity in general.
The human being is considered the Khalifah (representative)
of Allah on earth according to Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khalifah (kha-lee-fah)
An Arabic term meaning "successor," it refers to the
rightful successor of Prophet Muhammad as leader of the
ummah (worldwide Muslim community). The Khalifah (caliph)
is not a prophet; rather, he is charged with upholding the
rights of all citizens within an Islamic state and ensuring
application of the Shari'ah (Islamic Law). The immediate
successors of Prophet Muhammad, known as the
"Rightly-Guided" Caliphs, were Abu Bakr as-Sadiq, Umar ibn
al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib.
(Source:CIE)
|
|
|
Khandaq ()
means ditch.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kharaj ()
Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-muslims
to ensure their equal rights under Islamic law.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khatib ()
orator, speaker.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khiyar-al-shart ()
The khiyar-al-shart is an option of stipulation on a
contract that the Sunnah validates. It grants the buyer the
option either to accept or nullify a contract, within a
stipulated time frame (three days or so).(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khutbah ()
a speech or sermon. It is sometimes used to refer to the
sermon given during the Friday cogregational prayer.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khutbah (khut-bah)
The weekly community address given by an imam immediately
prior to the Jum'ah (Friday) midday worship service. The
address serves as a venue for leaders to share with members
of the congregation religious insights, to discuss Islamic
viewpoints on important contemporary issues, and to
reinforce teachings of Islam.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Koran ()
See Qur'an. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kuffar ()
plural form of kafir.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kufr
()
to show ungratefulness to Allah and not to believe in Him
and His religion.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
Ka'bah ()
An empty cube-shaped structure located in the city of
Makkah (in modern-day Saudi Arabia). Built by Prophet
Abraham and his son Prophet Ishma'il about 4,000 years ago,
the Ka'bah stands as the first building dedicated to the
worship of the One God. The Ka'bah is made of stone, and is
covered by a black and gold cloth embroidered with verses
from the Qur'an. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafalah bi al-Thaman
()
Surety for paying the price or sum if unpaid by the person
originally liable.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafil ()
A person providing surety or a guarantor.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kafir ()
a person who refuses to submit himself to Allah (God), a
disbeliever in God.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kalam (KALAAM)
Talk or speech as inkalamu Allah; has also been used
through the ages to mean logic or philosophy.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khadijah (kha-dee-jah)
The first wife of Prophet Muhammad, and during her
lifetime, the only one. Khadijah was a successful
businesswoman in Makkah who employed Muhammad as a
merchant/trader because of his well-known reputation for
honesty and trustworthiness. The Prophet was married to her
for 25 years until her death at the age of 65 in 619 C.E.
They had two sons [both died in infancy] and four daughters
together. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khalifah (KHALIFAAH
KHALIFAA KHALEEFAH KHALEEFA)
The word Khalifah refers to the successor or representative
of Prophet Muhammad (saas) or to one of his successors.
This person acts as the head of state for the Muslim Ummah.
Another title for the Khalifah (English Caliph) is Amir Al-Mu'mineen
which means 'the leaders of the believers'.
The immediate Caliphs were Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Omar Ibn Al-Khattab,
Othman Ibn 'Affan, and 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib. These were given
the nickname of Al-Khulafa'Ar-Rashidun (The Guided
Caliphs).
Another use for this word is used for humanity in general.
The human being is considered the Khalifah (representative)
of Allah on earth according to Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khalifah (kha-lee-fah)
An Arabic term meaning "successor," it refers to the
rightful successor of Prophet Muhammad as leader of the
ummah (worldwide Muslim community). The Khalifah (caliph)
is not a prophet; rather, he is charged with upholding the
rights of all citizens within an Islamic state and ensuring
application of the Shari'ah (Islamic Law). The immediate
successors of Prophet Muhammad, known as the
"Rightly-Guided" Caliphs, were Abu Bakr as-Sadiq, Umar ibn
al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib.
(Source:CIE)
|
|
|
Khandaq ()
means ditch.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kharaj ()
Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-muslims
to ensure their equal rights under Islamic law.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khatib ()
orator, speaker.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khiyar-al-shart ()
The khiyar-al-shart is an option of stipulation on a
contract that the Sunnah validates. It grants the buyer the
option either to accept or nullify a contract, within a
stipulated time frame (three days or so).(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khutbah ()
a speech or sermon. It is sometimes used to refer to the
sermon given during the Friday cogregational prayer.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Khutbah (khut-bah)
The weekly community address given by an imam immediately
prior to the Jum'ah (Friday) midday worship service. The
address serves as a venue for leaders to share with members
of the congregation religious insights, to discuss Islamic
viewpoints on important contemporary issues, and to
reinforce teachings of Islam.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Koran ()
See Qur'an. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kuffar ()
plural form of kafir.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Kufr
()
to show ungratefulness to Allah and not to believe in Him
and His religion.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
La
hawla wa la quwwata illa billah
()
The meaning of this expression is:There is no power and no
strength save in Allah.This expression is read by a Muslim
when he is struck by a calamity, or is taken over by a
situation beyond his control. A Muslim puts his trust in the
hands of Allah, and submits himself to Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
La
ilaha illallah (LAA
ILAHA ILLALLAH)
This expression is the most important one in Islam. It is the
creed that every person has to say to be considered a Muslim.
It is part of the first pillar of Islam. The meaning of which
is:There is no lord worthy of worship except Allah.
The second part of this first pillar is to say:Muhammadun
Rasul Allah,which means:Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Laat
()
a chief goddess in the religion of the pre-Islamic Arabs
during the days of Jahiliyyah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Laylat
al-Qadr (layl-at
al-cud-er)
Literally, "Night of Power." This term is used in reference
to the night in Ramadan, 610 C.E. on which Prophet Muhammad
received the first revelations of the Qur'an, during his
retreat in the cave of Hira above Makkah. Muslims commemorate
this night, believed to be the 27th of Ramadan (though
unknown for certain), by offering additional prayers and
supplications late into the night.
(Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
|
|
Lunar
calendar ()
In their religious duties, Muslims depend on solar and lunar
calendars. The latter is shorter than the solar by twelve
days. Fasting the month of Ramadhan, celebrating the two
major feasts ('Eid Al-Fitr and 'Eid Al-Adhha), performing the
pilgrimage to Makkah, and other religious activities depend
upon the lunar months.
The names of the lunar months are: Muharram, Safar, Rabi' Al-Awwal,
Rabi' Al-Thani, Jumada Al-Ula, Jumada Al-Akhirah, Rajab,
Sha'ban, Ramadhan, Shawwal, Dhul-Qi'dah, and Dhul-Hijjah.
The timing of the daily prayers depend on the solar system.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
|
|
Lunar
Calendar ()
The hijrah (migration of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to
Madinah in 622 C.E.), marks the starting point of the Muslim
calendar, comprised of twelve lunar months (a lunar year is
roughly eleven days shorter than a solar year (365 days),
since each lunar month begins when the new moon's crescent
becomes visible every 29 or 30 days). Muslims use such a
Hijri calendar for various religious obligations such as
fasting during Ramadan, celebrating the two Eid holidays, and
performing the Hajj. Many contemporary sources on Islam
include both the Gregorian (C.E.-common era or A.D.-anno
domini) and Hijri (A.H.-after hijrah) dates for historical
events. For example, a citation of 974/1566 corresponds to
the date of death of the Ottoman sultan Sulayman "The
Magnificent" in A.H. and C.E./A.D. values.
(Source:CIE)
|
Muhammad
(moo-hum-mud)
The prophet and righteous person believed by Muslims to be
the final messenger of God, whose predecessors are believed
to include the Prophets Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David,
Jesus and others. Born in 570 C.E., Muhammad grew up to
become a well-respected member of Makkan society. In 610 C.E.,
he received the first of many revelations that would
eventually form the content of the Qur'an. Soon after this
initial event, he was conferred prophethood and began calling
people to righteousness and belief in One God. Muhammad died
in 632 C.E., after successfully (re)establishing the religion
known as Islam and providing Muslims with a model for ideal
human behavior. (Source:CIE)
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Muhrim
()
One who assumes Ihram.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
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Muhrima ()
A
female who assumes Ihram.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mujahid ()
someone who is active and fights for Islam. A Muslim fighter.
The opposite of qaideen.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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|
|
Multazam ()
The area between the Black Stone and the door of the Ka'abah
where it is recommended to make Du'a.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Munafiq ()
a hypocrite, one whose external appearance is Islam (praying,
fasting,activism, etc.) but whose inner reality conceals kufr
- often unbeknownst to the person themselves. (See Al-Baqarah:
8-23). A Munafiq is more dangerous and worse than a Kafir.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Muqaradah ()
Another name for Mudharabah used by the Malikis.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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|
Murabahah ()
Sale at a special profit margin. The seller purchases the
goods desired by the buyer and sells them at an agreed
mark-up price. The payment being settled within an agreed
time frame, either in instalments or lump sum. The seller
undertakes all management needed for the purchase and also
bears the risk for the goods until they have been delivered
to the buyer.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Murabit ()
a person who is on the road spreading Islam.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Musa
(moo-sa)
Moses, an eminent prophet in Islam. The Qur'an contains
accounts similar to those in the Hebrew Bible regarding
Moses' early life and upbringing. Muslims believe Moses was
chosen as a prophet by God, and his mission was to call
Pharoah and the Egyptians to believe in One God and cease
oppression of the Hebrew peoples. Muslims believe the Torah,
a divine scripture, was given to Moses as a guidance for
those who heeded his leadership.
(Source:CIE)
|
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Musad'afin (MUSADAFIN)
a weak and oppressed person.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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| |
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Musaddiq ()
The person discharging voluntary charity.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Musalaymah ()
Undefined.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Mushaf
()
a copy of the Quran.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Musharakah ()
A
temporary equity participation agreement between a bank and a
client for effecting a certain operation within an agreed
period of time. Both parties contribute to the capital of the
operation in varying degree and agree to divide the net
profits or losses in proportions agreed upon in advance.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mushawarah ()
means consultation.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Mushrik ()
a polythiest. A person who ascribes partners to Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Muslim
(moos-lim)
Literally (and in the broadest sense), the term means "one
who submits to God." More commonly, the term describes any
person who accepts the creed and the teachings of Islam. The
word "Muhammadan" is a pejorative and offensive misnomer, as
it violates Muslims' most basic understanding of their creed
- Muslims do not worship Muhammad, nor do they view him as
the founder of the religion. The word "Moslem" is also
incorrect, since it is a corruption of the word "Muslim."
(Source:CIE)
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Mustahab ()
Recommended, but not obligatory.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Muzdalifah ()
A
site between 'Arafat and Mina where the Hujjaj (pilgrims)
spend the night on the 9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah (after coming down
from 'Arafat) during the Hajj period.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
Masjid
an-Nabawi ()
Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Madinah. It is the
second greatest Masjid in Islam, the first being the Masjid
al-Haram in Al-Makkah al-Mukaramah, and the third being the
Masjid al-Aqsa in AI-Quds (Jerusalem).(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mawaqeet ()
Plural of Miqat. Mina: A place five miles from Mekkah and
approximately ten miles from 'Arafat. An essential place to
visit during the Hajj.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mawla
()
a person of slave origin who does not have tribal protection.
It is a word with dual meaning. It can mean either master or
servant.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Mawlaya ()
a form of address to a ruler implying protector.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Mecca
()
See Makkah. (Source:CIE)
|
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Medina
()
See Madinah. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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Mekkah
()
A
city in Saudi Arabia where the Kaa'bah is located.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Mihrab
()
a recess in the masjid that indicates the direction of salaah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
|
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Mihrab
(mih-raab)
A
niche in the wall of a masjid that indicates the qiblah, the
direction of Makkah, towards which all Muslims turn during
the formal worship. Architecturally, the mihrab serves to
amplify the voice of the imam as he leads the worshippers in
prayer. (Source:CIE)
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Mina
(MINNA)
a plain within the bounds of the haram of Mecca, within five
kilometers outside the city. During the Hajj the pilgrims
pass the night between the eighth and ninth day proceed to
Arafat on the ninth day.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Minaret ()
See Manarah. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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Minbar
()
a pulpit.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Miqat
(Miqaat)
Miqat (pl. mawaqeet) denotes the points which an outsider
intending to perform Pilgrimage may cross only in the state
of consecration (ihram). These points were fixed according to
directions from God.(Source:Prof.
Ishaq Zahid)
|
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Miqat
()
One of the designated places for entering into Ihram during
Umrah or Hajj.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Moses
()
See Musa. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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Moslem
()
See Muslim. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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Mosque
()
See Masjid. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
|
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|
Mu'amalah ()
A
term used for the transaction or agreement concluded by
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) with the people of Khaybar.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Mu'min
()
a person who has deep faith in Allah and is a righteous and
obedient servant of His.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Mu'sir
()
A
Mu'siris a person who intends to do the Hajj or an Umrah, but
is unable to do so due to some obstacle.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Muadh-dhin ()
the person who calls the adhan.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Mubah
()
Things or acts permissible in Islamic law.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mudharabah ()
An
agreement between two or more persons whereby one or more of
them provide finance, while the other(s) provide
enterpreneurship and management to carry on any business
venture whether trade, industry or service with the objective
of earning profits. The profit is shared in an agreed
proportion. The loss is borne by the financiers only in
proportion to their share in the total capital.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mudharib ()
The partner who provides entrepreneurship and management in a
Mudharabah agreement.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mueddhin (moo-ed-dhin)
One who makes the adhan [call to worship] from a minaret or
other suitable location near a masjid prior to the five daily
worship times. The mueddhin may also perform other duties,
such as reciting the Qur'an while worshippers assemble at the
masjid and perform the wudu (ritual washing) a few minutes
prior to commencement of congregational worship.
(Source:CIE)
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Mufawadah ()
A
basic contract of partnership based on wakalah and kafalah.
It requires full commitment from the partners. In order to
achieve this purpose, the partners must try to maintain
equality in the capital, labor, liability and the legal
capacity and also declare each partner to be a surety for the
other.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Mufti
()
One who passes verdicts.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Muhaddith ()
A
scholar of Ahadeeth. Plural: Muhaditheen.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Muhadhitheen ()
Scholars of Ahadeeth (sayings and traditions of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace).
Singular: Muhadith. Muhammad Believed by Muslims to be the
Final Messenger of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala to Ins wal Jinn
(mankind and the Jinn).(Source:IslamIQ)
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Muhajir ()
a person who does Hijrah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
Nabi
(NABBI NABEE)
The meaning of the word Nabi is a prophet. To be a prophet he
should receive a revelation from Allah that does not
necessarily mean a revealed book. When a prophet is
instructed to deliver his message to a certain group of
people, he is a messenger. It is stated in the Qur'an that
there are no more prophets and messengers after Muhammad.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Nafs
(nufs)
The soul or spirit. Muslims believe that humans are
ultimately spiritual beings, housed temporarily in a physical
body. The nafs represents that core of each individual which
exhibits an innate orientation towards God, called fitrah,
and which passes into a different unknown realm upon a
person's physical death in the present world.
(Source:CIE)
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| |
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Nasab
()
means lineage or geneology.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Nasihah ()
means sincere good advice.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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|
Nation
of Islam ()
An
organization formed in the United States in the 1930s by
Elijah Poole (later known as Elijah Muhammad), which gained
prominence during the nascent civil-rights movement in the
1950s. In its efforts to uplift and provide self-worth to
African-Americans, the nationalist organization espoused a
doctrine of black superiority, and posited that God
manifested Himself as a human being by the name of W.D. Fard,
Elijah Muhammad's instructor. Such doctrines and teachings of
the Nation are incompatible with the universal outlook and
absolute monotheism of Islam. Unfortunately, much confusion
has resulted and continues to exist due to this group's
appropriation of certain Arabic terms, values, and ideas from
mainstream Islam. Followers of the Nation, often incorrectly
called "Black Muslims" number less than 10,000 today. Many
thousands of former members entered the fold of universal
Islam after the death of Elijah Muhammad in 1975 under the
leadership of his son Warith Deen Muhammad.
(Source:CIE)
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Night
Journey and Ascension
()
See Isra' and Mi'raj.(Source:CIE)
|
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Nis'a
(Riba al) ()
A
type of interest. Taking interest on loaned money. An act
which Haram. See the Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):275-280 and
Aali'imran(3):13O.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Nisab
()
A
threshold of wealth of which any excess is subject to Zakah.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
P.B.U.H ()
These letters are abbreviations for the phrase Peace Be Upon
Him which is the translation of the Arabic expression 'Alaihis
Salam' or A.S., which is an expression that is said when the
name of a prophet is mentioned. This expression is widely
used by English speaking Muslims. It is to be noticed here
that this expression does not give the full meaning of "Salla
Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam". Therefore it is recommended that
people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the name of prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.); they should use "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa
Sallam" instead, or they may use the abbreviated form of (S.A.W.)
in writing.(Source:IslamIQ)
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| |
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|
P.B.U.H. ()
These letters are abbreviations for the words Peace Be Upon
Him which are the meaning of the Arabic expression 'Alaihis
Salam, which is an expression that is said when the name of a
prophet is mentioned.
This expression is widely used by English speaking Muslims.
It is to be noticed here that this expression does not give
the full meaning ofSalla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam. Therefore
it is recommended that people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the
name of prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.); they should useSalla
Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallaminstead, or they may use the
abbreviated form of (s.a..w) in writing.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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People
of the Book ()
See Ahl al-Kitab. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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Pilgrimage ()
See Hajj. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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Prayer
()
See Salah and Du'a.(Source:CIE)
|
|
|
P.B.U.H ()
These letters are abbreviations for the phrase Peace Be Upon
Him which is the translation of the Arabic expression 'Alaihis
Salam' or A.S., which is an expression that is said when the
name of a prophet is mentioned. This expression is widely
used by English speaking Muslims. It is to be noticed here
that this expression does not give the full meaning of "Salla
Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam". Therefore it is recommended that
people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the name of prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.); they should use "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa
Sallam" instead, or they may use the abbreviated form of (S.A.W.)
in writing.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
| |
|
|
|
P.B.U.H. ()
These letters are abbreviations for the words Peace Be Upon
Him which are the meaning of the Arabic expression 'Alaihis
Salam, which is an expression that is said when the name of a
prophet is mentioned.
This expression is widely used by English speaking Muslims.
It is to be noticed here that this expression does not give
the full meaning ofSalla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam. Therefore
it is recommended that people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the
name of prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.); they should useSalla
Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallaminstead, or they may use the
abbreviated form of (s.a..w) in writing.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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People
of the Book ()
See Ahl al-Kitab. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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Pilgrimage ()
See Hajj. (Source:CIE)
|
| |
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Prayer
()
See Salah and Du'a.(Source:CIE)
|
Qadi
()
judge.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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| |
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Qaideen ()
people who remain inactive and do not actively fight. The
opposit of mujahid.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qard
()
a loan given for a good cause in the name of Allah, in
hopes of repayment or reward in the Hereafter.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Qard
()
A loan given for a good cause in the name of Allah, in
hopes of repayment or reward in the Hereafter.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Qard
al Hassan ()
A loan extended without interest or profit-sharing.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Qari
()
someone who recites the Quran.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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| |
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Qari
(kar-ee)
Literally, "a reciter." This term refers to a class of
Muslim religious leaders who, due to vocal beauty and
skill, publicly recite verses from the Qur'an. Such
recitations serve to inspire and comfort believers, and are
often performed early in the morning or prior to the daily
worship services, and also to solemnize important occasions
and events. (Source:CIE)
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Qarn
al-Manazil ()
The Miqat of the pilgrims travelling through Najd, in
Arabia (from the east).(Source:IslamIQ)
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Qiblah ()
it is the direction that Muslims face when they do their
salaah. It is in the direction of the Ka'bah in Mecca.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qiblah (kib-lah)
The term used in reference to the direction Muslims face
during salah, the formal worship. The qiblah's focal point
is the Ka'bah, the house of worship located in the city of
Makkah. Depending upon where one is at any given time upon
the earth, the qiblah direction may vary. From North
America, the direction is roughly northeast, and worship
halls in local masjids are oriented accordingly.
(Source:CIE |
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Qiran (Hajj Al) ()
'Combined Hajj'. Performing the Umrah, followed by the
Hajj, without taking off the Ihram.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Qisas ()
retaliation in kind (eye for an eye). In Islam though,
retaliation should be forgone as an act of charity Surah 5,
Ayah 48.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qiyaas ()
According [the Islamic scholar al Shafi`i], Qiyaas is a
method for reaching a legal decision on the basis of
evidence (a precedent) in which a common reason, or an
effective cause, is applicable.From Usul Al Fiqh Al
Islami by Taha Jabir Al Alwani
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qiyamah ()
Day of Judgement, resurrection.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qiyas (key-yaas)
Using analogies for the purpose of applying laws derived
from the Qur'an and Sunnah to situations not explicitly
covered by these two sources. Qiyas is one of the most
important tools for interpreting and implementing the
Shari'ah (Islamic Law).
(Source:CIE)
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Quadaa ()
Paying in a debt.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Qudah ()
plural form of qadi.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Qur'an ()
The word Qur'an means "the recitation" or "the reading,"
and refers to the divinely revealed scripture of Islam. It
consists of 114 surahs (chapters) revealed by God to
Muhammad over a period of twenty-three years. The Qur'an
continues to be recited by Muslims throughout the world in
the language of its revelation, Arabic, exactly as it was
recited by Prophet Muhammad nearly fourteen hundred years
ago. The Qur'an is viewed as the authoritative guide for
human beings, along with the Sunnah of Muhammad.
Translations of the Qur'an are considered explanations of
the meaning of the Qur'an, but not the Qur'an itself. The
spelling "Koran" is phonetically incorrect; the more
accurate Qur'an should be used.
(Source:CIE)
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Qur'an (KUR'AN)
The holy book of Qur'an is called the Qur'an. It was
revealed unto Muhammad (s.a.w) from Allah through angel
Gabriel (Jibril) for a period of 23 years. There is only
one Qur'an in the whole world and it is in Arabic language.
The Qur'an has one text, one language, and one dialect. It
has been memorized by millions of Muslims in different
parts of the world.
The Qur'an is composed of 114 Surah (chapters). It is to be
read and recited with rules and regulations. When to be
touched and to be recited, a Muslim to be in a state of
cleanliness and purity.
The authenticity and the totality of the Qur'an have been
documented and recognized. The Qur'an can not be translated
at all as the Qur'an is the exact words of Allah. Any
translation is considered to be the explanation to the
meaning of the Qur'an.
The Qur'an is so rich and comprehensive in matter that it
can easily guide men and women in all works of their life.
It is the ultimate source of guidance for people in all
aspects of their spiritual and material lives.
The names and attributes that are given to the Qur'an in
the Qur'an speak for themselves. The Qur'an is also
described to be bounteous, glorious, mighty, honored,
exalted, purified, wonderful, blessed, and confirming the
truth of previous revelations. The Qur'an has practically
proved the truth and effectiveness of all of its names and
epithets in the life of all true believers, who practiced
its teachings sincerely and devoutly.
The Qur'an has a Universal appeal, regardless of people's
color, creed, nationality, and geographical divisions of
the world. The goal of life, as addressed in the Qur'an, is
to live according to what Allah has created us for, which
is to worship Allah, and to obey his commandments in this
life, which are of course, in the interest of people, and
to gain going to Heaven and escape going to Hell in the
hereafter. The real success is going to Heaven and the real
failure is going to Hell, as the Qur'an states.
Those who are entirely lost in their material gains and
luxury, without cultivating their spiritual and moral
qualities, are declared by Allah (s..w.t.) to be like
animals, rather worse than them. The ones who do not
believe in Allah or follow His commandments are also
described in many places of the Qur'an to be dead, deaf,
mute, and blind. The real living, hearing, speaking and
seeing are caused by the true belief in the heart. So our
need for learning, studying, and following the Qur'an
should come before our need for breathing, drinking and
eating to survive, because life without such guidance is a
miserable life that leads to eternal punishment.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Quraysh (kur-aysh)
One of the major tribes in Arabia, to which Muhammad
belonged. When Prophet Muhammad persisted in calling people
to worship God alone, most of the Quraysh disavowed him and
attempted to thwart his efforts, even going so far as to
attempt killing him. Until Prophet Muhammad gained control
of Makkah in 630 C.E., the Quraysh continued to plot
Muhammad's downfall, after which they acquiesced and
entered the fold of Islam.
(Source:CIE)
|
Ra'kat (RAKAT)
an individual unit of salaah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ra's
al-mal ()
Capital invested in Mudarabah or Musharakah.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Rabb
al-ard ()
Owner of the land in Musaqah or Musaqat and Muzara'ah
contracts.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Rabb
al-mal ()
A person who invests in Mudarabah or Musharakah.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Radhiallahu 'anhu
(RAZHIALLAHU 'ANHU)
This is an expression to be used by Muslims whenever a name
of a companion of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) is
mentioned or used in writing. The meaning of this statement
is:May Allah be pleased with him.
Muslims are taught to be respectful to the elderly and to
those who contributed to the spread and success in Islam.
They are to be grateful to the companions of the prophet (s.a.w.)
for their sacrifices, their leadership, and their
contributions. Muslims are advised to use this phrase when
such names are mentioned or written.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Rahn
()
Pledge or mortgage.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Rak'ah (ruck-ah)
Literally, "a bowing." This term designates one complete
cycle of standing, bowing, and prostrating during salah
(formal worship). Verses from the Qur'an, special prayers
and phrases are stated in these different positions. Each
of the five formal worship times are comprised of varying
numbers of such cycles(Source:CIE)
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Ramadan (RAMAZAN
RAMADHAN)
the holy month of prescribed fasting for the Muslims. It
was during this month that the Quranic revelations began.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ramadan (ra-ma-daan
RAMADHAN)
The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, Ramadan is
important because it is the month in which the first verses
of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad. Thus, it is
considered a blessed and holy month. Furthermore, Ramadan
is the month in which Muslims fast daily from dawn to
sunset to develop piety and self-restraint.
(Source:CIE)
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Rasul (RASOOL)
The meaning of the word Rasul is a messenger. Allah sent
many prophets and messengers to mankind. Amongst them, the
names of twenty-five are mentioned in the Qur'an. From
within the list, the Qur'an states the names of five Rasul
who are the Mighty ones. These are: Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim
(Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus), and Muhammad (s.a.w.).
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Riba
()
Increase, addition, expansion or growth. However, not every
increase or growth is prohibited by Islam. Under the
Shari'ah, Riba technically refers to the premium that must
be paid without any consideration. According to the jurists
of Islam, this definition covers the two types of Riba,
namely Riba Al Fadhl and Riba Al Nasi'ah.
Example 1 of Riba: If A sells $100 to B with $110. The
premium of $10 is without any consideration or
compensation. Therefore, this amount of $10 will be Riba.
Example 2 of Riba:If A lends $100 to B (a borrower) with a
condition that B shall return him $110 after one month. In
this case, the premium paid that must be paid by the
borrower to the lender along with the price is Riba because
the premium of $10 is without any consideration.
(Source:IslamIQ)
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Riba
aI-Fadhl ()
An extension of Riba to trade because while trade is
allowed, not everything in trade is permissible. The
prohibition of Ribaal-fadl closes all back doors to Riba
through trade; unlawful excess in the exchange of two
counter-values, where the excess is measurable through
weight or measure. According to some Ahadith, (Sayings of
the Holy Prophet) if six things i.e. gold, silver, wheat,
barley, dates and salt are exchanged against themselves,
they should be spot and be equal and been specified. If
these conditions are not found, this transaction will
become Riba Al Fadhl.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Riba
al-Nasi'ah ()
It refers to the 'premium' that must be paid by the
borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a
condition for the loan or an extension in its maturity. It
is thus equivalent to interest. The 'addition' of the
'premium' which is paid to the lender in return for his
waiting as a condition for the loan and is technically the
same as interest.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Rukn
()
Pillar. Singular of Arkan.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Ruku'
(RUKU)
The root of this word is Raka'a which means bow down.
During prayers (Salah), a Muslim is to make Ruku' in
respect to Allah: he or she bows forward at the waist, and
stands with the hands on the knees and the back parallel to
the ground.
While in a position of Ruku' a Muslim is to glorify Allah
three times.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Rutb
()
ripe dates, opposite busr.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
Shirk ()
associating partners with Allah. Shirk can also encompase
any object that a person may hold in regard higher than
Allah. It is the most severe of sins and will not be
forgiven.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Shirkah ()
Partnership between two or more persons, whereby unlike
mudarabah, all of them have a share in finance as well as
entrepreneurship and management, though not necessarily
equally.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Shukuk ()
: Check, certificate of debt, certificates of investment;
plural of Shak(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Shura ()
consultation.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Shurut ()
Terms and conditions in Islamic law.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
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Sin
al-bulugh ()
This is the age of maturity and puberty. It is the age at
which the Muslims are considered an adult and becomes
accountable for his/her duties in Islam. There is no fixed
age for that in terms of years and it is decided by three
signs: having a menstruation, period or pregnancy for
girls, and being physically mature or having a wet dream
for boys, growing pubic hair, or reaching the age of
fifteen, whichever comes first.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sin
at-tamyiz ()
This is the age of distinguishing. This age is used in Fiqh
to decide the age before which the mother has the right to
keep the child after divorce. It varies from one person to
another. The age is reached when the child can take care of
himself or herself and no longer needs an adult to help him
eat, get dressed, and clean himself or herself. In the
school of thought of Abu Hanifah, it is seven years for the
boy and nine years for the girl. The girl is given longer
time so that she can learn more of the habits of women.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sirah (SEERAH)
The writings of the companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.)
about him, his personality, his life story. and his ways of
handling different situations is called Sirah. The famous
collections of the Sirah are At-Tabari, Ibn Ishaq, and Ibn
Hisham.
The Sirah is a source of reference that Muslims rely on in
their daily life situations and problems.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sirwal ()
long under garment worn by the Arabs.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Siwak ()
a piece of a branch or root of a tree that is used as a
toothbrush. Also called a miswak.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Subhanahu wa ta'ala
()
This is an expression that Muslims use whenever the name of
Allah is pronounced or written. The meaning of this
expression is:Allah is pure of having partners and He is
exalted from having a son.
Muslims believe that Allah is the only God, the Creator of
the Universe. He does not have partners or children.
Sometimes Muslims use other expressions when the name of
Allah is written or pronounced. Some of which are:'Azza Wa
Jall: He is the Mighty and the Majestic;Jalla Jalaluh: He
is the exalted Majestic.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Suffah ()
a raised platform that was used by the Prophet as a
welcomming point for newcomers or destitute people. It was
part of his masjid.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
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Sufi
(soo-fee)
One who endeavors to achieve direct inward knowledge of God
through adherence to various spiritual doctrines and
methods. These include repeatedly invoking the Divine Names
and reciting other religious expressions, living an austere
lifestyle, and participating in various spiritual
gatherings usually formed around a spiritual master with
the title shaykh. Historically, sufis have been grouped
into organizations known as tariqahs.
(Source:CIE)
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Sufism (soof-ism)
A particular spiritual approach and lifestyle adopted by
some Muslims (known as sufis), rather than a distinct
branch of Islam. Sufism holds that direct and intimate
knowledge of God can be achieved through spiritual
discipline, exertion, and austerity. Essentially, Sufism is
seen as an "inward" path of communion with God,
complementing the Shari'ah, or "outward" religious law.
(Source:CIE)
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Suhuf ()
pages or manuscripts.
(Source:MSA-USC)
|
| |
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Sujud ()
The root of those word is Sajada which means that a person
makes prostration to Allah in his daily prayers. While in
the position of Sujud, a Muslim is to praise Almighty Allah
and glorify him.
During the position of Sujud, a Muslim is to make sure that
his/her forehead , nose, hands, knees, and toes, are all
touching the floor.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sunnah (soon-nah)
Literally, this term means habit, practice, customary
procedure, action, norm, or usage sanctioned by tradition.
More specifically, Sunnah refers to Prophet Muhammad's
sayings, practices, and habits. The Hadith of the Prophet
constitute a written record of his Sunnah.
(Source:CIE)
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Sunnah ()
In general, the word Sunnah means habit, practice,
customary procedure, or action, norm and usage sanctioned
by tradition. In specific, any time the word Sunnah is
mentioned, it is to refer to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.).
Here it means his sayings, practices, living habits. The
Hadith are reports on the Sunnah.
The two major legal sources of jurisprudence in Islam are
the Quran and the Sunnah.
The Sunnah may confirm what is mentioned in Qur'an,
interpret and explain it, specify what is meant by some
general verses, limit and restrict the meaning of some
verse in it, or may explain something that has been
revealed in Qur'an.
The Sunnah has a high authority in Islam; and Allah in many
places in the Qur'an orders the Muslims to follow the
teachings of Prophet Mohammad (s.a.w.).
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sunnah ()
All the traditions and practices of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.),
that are recorded not only in such books as Sahih Bukhari
and Sahih Muslim, but also in living people to whom these
traditions and practices have been transmitted, from person
to person, from then until now. Although the Sunnah refers
almost exclusively to the practice of the Messenger of
Allah, it also comprises the customs of the first
generation of Muslims in Madinah. They learned their Islam
directly from the Prophet, not from books, and transmitted
what they had learned to the next generation. Thus they
have become models whom all Muslims should follow. The
Sunnah is a complete behaviourial science that has been
systematically kept outside the learning framework of this
society. It cannot be learned from books, although books
can be helpful. It can only be learned from real Muslims
who are true teachers. Plural: Sunnan.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Sunni (soon-nee)
A term designating those Muslims who recognize the first
four successors of Prophet Muhammad as the "Rightly-Guided"
caliphs, and who attribute no special religious or
political function to the descendants of the Prophet's
son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib. Sunnis hold that any pious,
just, and qualified Muslim may be elected Caliph. Sunnis
comprise the majority of Muslims, numbering about 90% of
the total. (Source:CIE)
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Salah
(SALAAT SALAAH)
Salah is an Arabic word to mean a spiritual relationship and
communication between the creature and his Creator. Salah is
one of the five pillars of Islam. A special communication (Salah)
is to take place five times a day for a Muslim: Fajr (Dawn),
Zuhr (Noon), 'Asr (Afternoon), Magrib (Sunset), and 'Ishha'
(Late Night).
Salah is to be performed with mental concentration, verbal
communication, vocal recitation, and physical movement to
attain the spiritual uplift, peace, harmony, and concord.
There is a congregational prayer on Friday noon (Salatul
Jumu'ah) with a sermon (Khutbah) to be delivered by a
religious leader (Imam) called Khatib.
To perform Salah, a Muslim has to have ablution (Wudhu').
He/she should make sure that cleanliness of body, clothing,
and place are attained before performing Salah.
Salah is not to be confused with prayer; the latter could be
interpreted as supplication (Du'a).
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam
()
This is an expression that Muslims use whenever the name of
Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) is mentioned or written. The
meaning of it is:May the blessings and the peace of Allah be
upon him (Muhammad).
Another expression that is alternatively used
is:Alaihissalatu Wassalam.This expression means:On Him
(Muhammad) are the blessings and the peace of Allah.
Allah has ordered Muslims, in the Qur'an, to say such an
expression. Muslims are informed that if they proclaim such a
statement once, Allah will reward them ten times.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Saqifah ()
a shelter with a roof. The companions of the Prophet met in a
Saqifah in Madinah to pledge their loyalty to Abu Bakr after
the death of the Prophet.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sawm
(so-um)
Sawm refers to the daily fast Muslims undertake during the
month of Ramadan, and is one of the "five pillars" of Islam.
For Muslims, fasting means total abstinence from all food,
drink, and marital sexual relations from dawn to sunset.
Muslims fast for many reasons, including to build a sense of
will-power against temptation, to feel compassion for less
fortunate persons, and to reevaluate their lives in spiritual
terms. (Source:CIE)
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Sawm
()
Sawm or Siyam is to mean total abstinence of food and liquid
fro dawn to sunset for one whole lunar month. For those who
are married, they are to abstain from sexual relations during
that time too.
Sawm (Fasting) takes place during the ninth month of the
lunar calendar called Ramadhan. Sawm is one of the five
pillars of Islam.
Total fasting is also a training process to attain
self-restraint, self-control, self-discipline,
self-obedience, self-education, and self-evaluation.
Few people are excused from fasting during Ramadhan. Some are
required to make up later for the days they did not fast such
as the travelers (over 50 miles by any means), sick, pregnant
women, women nursing babies, and women during their periods.
Other excused people are required to feed a poor person one
meal for each day they do not fast if they can afford it,
such as the elderly people and the ones who have permanent
diseases like ulcers.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sayyid
()
leader or chief.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Shahadah (sha-haa-duh)
An
Arabic word meaning "witnessing," Shahadah refers to the
declaration of faith ("La-Ilaha-Illa-Lah
Muhammadur-Rasul-Allah") which all Muslims take as their
creed - namely, that there is no deity but God and that
Muhammad is the Messenger of God. The Shahadah constitutes
the first of the "five pillars" of Islam.
(Source:CIE)
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Shahadah ()
declaration of faith. A person must recite the shahadah to
convert to Islam. The shahadah in Islam is::I testify that
there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Shaheed ()
a martyr. Someone who dies in the way of Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Shahid
()
means a witness or martyr.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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S.A.A.S. / S.A.W.S.
()
These letters are abbreviations for the wordsSalla Allahu 'Alaihi
Wa Sallam, which means : may the blessing and the peace of
Allah be upon him.
When the name of Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, a Muslim is
to respect him and invoke this statement of peace upon him.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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S.A.W. ()
: These letters are abbreviations for the words "Salla
Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam", which means : may the blessing
and the peace of Allah be upon him. When the name of
Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, a Muslim is to respect him
and invoke this statement of peace upon him.(Source:IslamIQ)
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S.W.T ()
These letters are abbreviations for the words of "Subhanahu
Wa Ta'ala". When the name of Almighty Allah is pronounced,
a Muslim is to show his respect to Him by reciting this.
The meaning of this statement is that Allah is purified of
having partners or a son.(Source:IslamIQ)
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S.W.T. ()
These letters are abbreviations for the words ofSubhanahu
Wa Ta'ala. When the name of Almighty Allah is pronounced, a
Muslim is to show his respect to Him. The meaning of this
statement is that Allah is purified of having partners or a
son.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sa'i
()
The act of going back and forth seven times between Safa
and Marwa which is done during the Hajj or the Umra.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Sa'yee ()
the going back and forth seven times between Safa and
Marwah that is done during the Hajj or the Umrah. It is
done to symbolize Hajar's search for water for her son
Ismael.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sabirin ()
people who are patient and steadfast.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sabr
()
patience, steadfastness.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sadaq ()
same meaning as mahr.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sadaqa (Sadaqah)
Anything given away in charity in the name of Allah.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Sadaqah (sa-da-kah)
Literally, "righteousness." This terms refers to the
voluntary giving of alms (charity). Sadaqah is distinct
from zakah, which is a mandatory contribution paid yearly
and calculated based on one's wealth or assets. Sadaqah can
consist of any item of value, and can be provided to any
needy person. The Qur'an states that God loves those who
are charitable and promises great reward and forgiveness
for those who give regularly to others in need.
(Source:CIE)
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Sadaqah ()
means charity.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Safa
()
a mound near the Ka'bah that is referred to in the Quran as
one of the symbols of Allah. It is in conjuction with
Marwah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Safa
and Marwa ()
Two small hills in Makkah, in Al-Haram as-Shareef (The
Grand Masjid) to the east. It is an essential part of an
Umrah and the Hajj to walk seven times between the two
places, quickening one's step briefly between the two
hills. This is called Sa'i. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):(Source:IslamIQ)
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Sahabah (sa-haa-bah)
A term meaning "companions," commonly used in reference to
those followers of Prophet Muhammad who were closest to him
in his lifetime, kept frequent company with him, and strove
to emulate his sayings and doings. The Sahabah's piety,
knowledge and love for the Prophet were important factors
in the perpetuation of his teachings and the painstakingly
careful recording of the his hadith in the years following
his death. (Source:CIE)
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Sahabah ()
companions of the Prophet.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sahib al-Mal ()
The financier in the mudharabah form of partnership
agreement. Plural of Ashab al-mal. The sahib al-mal (also,
rabb al-mal) provides the finance while the mudarib
provides the entrepreneurship and management. There can be
many ashab al-mal and mudaribs in a given muddrabah
agreement.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Sahifah ()
a page or manuscript.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Sahur (sa-hoor)
A light meal taken by Muslims before dawn prior to
beginning the daily fast of Ramadan. Arising for this meal
is an emulation of Prophet Muhammad, since it was his
practice to do so, and thus is part of his Sunnah.
(Source:CIE)
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Salah (sa-laah)
Salah refers to the prescribed form of worship in Islam,
and is one of the "five pillars" of Islam. Muslims perform
the salah five times throughout each day as a means of
maintaining God-consciousness, to thank Him for His
blessings and bounty, and to seek His assistance and
support in one's daily life.
(Source:CIE) |
Tafsir (tuf-seer)
Any kind of explanation, but especially a commentary on the
Qur'an. Translations of the Qur'an from Arabic into other
languages such as Spanish, Urdu, or English are considered
tafsirs of the Qur'an, since only the original Arabic text
actually constitutes the content of the Qur'an.
(Source:CIE)
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Tahajjud ()
the Tahajjud prayer is an optional prayer that is supposed
to be performed in the middle of the night. It is required
that a person sleep a little before he gets up for the
Tahajjud prayer. It can be performed anytime between Isha
and Fajr.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Tajweed ()
It is a saying or an act of reciting Al-Qur'an in
accordance with the
established rules of Nutq, pronunciation and
intonations, such as
tafkheem, velarization, Ghunnah,
chanting, and
Iqlaab, transposition.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Takaful ()
Islamic Insurance. A scheme of mutual support that provides
insurance to individuals against hazards of falling into
unexpected and dire need.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Takbir (tuck-beer)
See "Allahu Akbar." (Source:CIE)
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Talbiya ()
A special prayer/call that Muslims pilgrims make during
Hajj.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Talbiyah (tul-bee-yah
Talbiya)
The name for the set of phrases attributed to Prophet
Abraham and uttered by Muslims in emulation of him during
the annual Hajj. This is the central, ritual recitation of
the pilgrimage, recited from the moment pilgrims don the
ihram, the pilgrim's plain white attire. One of the phrases
of the talbiyah is "Here I am, Oh Lord, at Thy service.
Here I am!" (Source:CIE)
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Tamattu' (Hajj) ()
"Interrupted Hajj". Umra, followed by Hajj, but taking off
the Ihram in between these two stages.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Tameen ()
Another name for Takaful.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Tamr
()
means dates.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Taqwa (tuck-waa)
Condition of piety and God-consciousness that all Muslims
aspire to achieve or maintain. It can be said that one's
taqwa is a measure of one's faith and commitment to God.
(Source:CIE)
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Taqwa ()
the love and fear that a Muslim feels for Allah. A person
with taqwa desires to be in the good pleasures of Allah and
to stay away from those things that would displease Allah.
He is careful not to go beyond the bouds and limits set by
Allah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Tarteel ()
Chanting Al-Qur'an; the Prophet has recommended it
saying:Whoever
does not chant the Qur'an is not among us. (Abudaawuud).
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Taslim (tus-leem)
Name for the greeting of Muslims, "As-Salaam Alaykum,"
meaning "Peace be unto you." The taslim is also used at the
completion of the ritual worship performed five times
daily. (Source:CIE)
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Tauhid (TAUHEED)
confirming the Oneness of Allah. It is the basis of Islam.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Tawaf ()
the circumfering of the Ka'bah seven times. People usually
do this during Umrah or Hajj.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Tawaf ()
The circling of the Holy Ka'aba. Tawaf is done in sets of
seven circuits, after each of which it is necessary to pray
two Rak'at, preferably at or near the Maqaam al-Ibrahim.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Tawaf Al Widaa ()
The 'Tawaf of Farewell'. The Tawaf of the Holy Ka'aba that
every visitor to Makka should do before leaving Makkah. It
should be connected directly to the trip of departure, and
whoever is delayed and stays on afterwards should do it
again.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Tawaf Al-Ifadah ()
The Tawaf of the Ka'abah by the Hujjaj (pilgrims) after
they come from Mina to Mekkah on the 10th of Dhu'l-Hijjah.
This Tawaf is one of the Rukn (essential rites) of the
Hajj.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Tawaf Al-Qudum ()
The 'Tawaf on Arrival', the Tawaf of the Ka'abaH that the
pilgrim must do on first entering the Mesjid al-Haram in
Mekkah. It is one of the essential rites of both the Hajj
and an Umra.(Source:IslamIQ)
|
Ulama
()
the learned, knowledgeble people in Islam. Plural form of
alim.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ulama
(oo-la-mah)
See alim. (Source:CIE)
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Ulamaa
()
Plural of 'Alim. The people of knowledge from amongst the
Muslims who act on what they know and do what they say.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Umar
ibn al-Khattab (oo-mer
ibin al-khut-taab)
A
close companion of Prophet Muhammad and the second of the
four "Rightly-Guided" caliphs. He ruled from 634 to 644 C.E.
and developed many institutions, such as a police force and
treasury, for the early Muslim state.
(Source:CIE)
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Umm
al-mu'mineen (UM AL-MU'MINEEN)
means 'Mother of the Believers'. This was the title of the
Prophet's wives; (Surah 33 Ayah 6 stipulated that they could
not marry after the Prophet's death because all of the
believers were their spiritual children.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ummah
()
an ummah is a community or a people. It is used in reference
to the community of Believers or Muslims.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ummah
(oom-mah)
The worldwide community of Muslims, whose population exceeds
1.2 billion. A term used to denote the collective body of
believers in Islam. (Source:CIE)
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Ummi
(Umme)
The 'unlettered'. It is also used to refer to those who do
not possess Divine revelation.(Source:Prof.
Ishaq Zahid)
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Umrah
(oom-rah)
The "lesser" pilgrimage to Makkah. This journey to worship at
the Ka'bah and offer prayers can be performed by Muslims at
any time during the year, unlike the Hajj, which takes place
during a specified period in the twelfth month of the Islamic
lunar calendar. (Source:CIE)
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Umrah
()
this is the lesser pilgrimage which is optional and can be
performed at any time.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Umrah
al-Qada ()
The fulfilled 'Umrah - the 'Umrah which the Prophet performed
in the seventh year after Hijrah which he intended to do in
the sixth year but which the Quraysh unbelievers had not
allowed him to complete.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Urdu
()
the official language of Pakistan.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Ushr
()
Ten percent (in some cases five percent) of the agricultural
produce payable by a Muslim as part of his religious
obligation, like zakah, mainly for the benefit of the poor
and the needy.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Uthman
ibn Affan (ooth-maan
ibin af-faan)
One of the close companions of Prophet Muhammad, he became
the third of the "Rightly-Guided" caliphs. He ruled from 644
to 656 C.E., and is responsible for ensuring the retention of
the Qur'an in a singular Arabic textual form, which still
exists to this day. (Source:CIE)
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Uzzah
()
a chief goddess in the religion of the pre-Islamic Arabs
during the days of Jahiliyyah.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Veil
()
See Hijab.(Source:CIE)
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Wa 'alaikumus
salam (WALAY KUMUS
SALAM)
This is an expression that a Muslim is to say as an answer
for the greeting. When a person greets another with a
salutation of peace, the answer for the greeting is an
answer of peace. The meaning of this statement is:And upon
you is the peace.The other expressions are:Wa Alaikums
Salam Wa Rahmatullah.andWa 'Alaikums Salam Wa Rahmatullahi
Wa Barakatuh.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Wadi-ah
()
Deposit.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Wajib ()
Compulsory.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Wakil (WAKEEL)
a person who is an authorized repesentative or proxy. Also
can mean lawyer in Urdu.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Wali
(WALEE)
legal guardian. A friend or protector. Someone who is
supposed to look out for your interest.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Walimah ()
a feast after the wedding. The reception.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Walimah (wa-lee-mah)
A traditional dinner feast provided to wedding guests by
the groom's family after a marriage ceremony. Providing a
walimah was highly recommended by the Prophet, whether it
be a grand or humble affair.
(Source:CIE)
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Waqf
(wuk-uf)
Term designating the giving of material property by will or
by gift for pious works or for the public good. Properties
with waqf status, such as schools or hospitals, remain so
perpetually, providing endless benefit to the community and
endless Heavenly blessings to the donor.
(Source:CIE)
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Waqf
()
Endowment. A charitable trust in the name of Allah, usually
in perpetuity, and usually for the purposes of establishing
the Deen of Islam, teaching useful knowledge, feeding the
poor or treating the sick.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Witr
()
'Odd number'. Witr rakahs are odd number of rakahs such as
1, 3, 5, etc. - usually 1 or 3 - which are said after the
last Prayer at night.
(Source:Prof. Ishaq Zahid)
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Wudu
(woo-doo)
The act of ritual purification performed with clean water
in preparation for the formal worship, salah. Wudu serves
as an act of physical cleansing as a well as a precursor to
the mental and spiritual cleansing necessary when in the
"presence" of God. If clean water is unavailable, a ritual
purification known as Tayyamum, which involves symbolically
touching clean earth, may be substituted.
(Source:CIE)
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Wudu
(WUZU)
a purification (abulution) that must be performed before
someone does their salaah or reads the Quran.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Yathrib (yuth-rib)
The former name of Madinah, the city in northern Arabia to
which Prophet Muhammad migrated from Makkah in 622 CE.
(Source:CIE)
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Yawm
ad-Deen ()
Literally "Day of Faith," one of several Arabic terms for
Judgement Day. See Day of Judgement.
(Source:CIE)
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Zabur (za-boor)
Arabic name for the holy scripture revealed to Prophet
David thousands of years ago. For Muslims, the Zabur,
analogous to the Christian Psalms, was a scriptural
precursor to the Qur'an, just as David was a predecessor of
Muhammad in the history of divinely revealed monotheism.
(Source:CIE)
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Zakah (za-kaah)
Zakah literally means "purification," and refers to an
almsgiving tax, roughly 2.5% of one's accumulated wealth,
that eligible Muslims pay annually. Zakah is one of the
"five pillars" of Islam, and is usually collected by local
masjids or charitable organizations. The funds are
distributed to poor and needy persons in the Muslim
community. Paying the zakah reminds Muslims of the duty to
help those less fortunate, and that wealth is a trust from
God rather than something to be taken for granted.(Source:CIE)
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Zakah (ZAKAAT)
One of the five pillars of Islam is Zakah, which means
purification and increment of one's wealth.
A Muslim who has money beyond a certain quantity is to pay
the Zakah. It is also called the alms due or poor due. It
is to be used in eight categories for welfare of the
society that are mentioned in the Qur'an, namely: the poor,
the needy, the sympathizers, the captives, the deptors, the
cause of Allah, the wayfarers, and for those who are to
collect it.
The amount to be collected is 2.5%, 5%, or 10%, depending
on the assets and the method used to produce it. For
example, it is 2.5% of the assets that have been owned over
a year, 5% of the wheat when irrigated by the farmer, and
10% of the wheat that is irrigated by the rain.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Zakah al-Fitr ()
A small obligatory head-tax imposed on every Muslim who has
the means for himself and his dependants. It is paid once
yearly at the end of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zakah Al-Mal ()
The Muslims' wealth tax: One must pay 2.5% of one's yearly
savings above a certain amount to the poor and needy
Muslims. The Zakah is compulsory on all Muslims who have
saved (at least) the equivalent of 85g of 24 carat gold at
the time when the annual Zakah payment is due.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zakaria (Zacharia
Zakarya Zacharya)
Prophet of God and father of John the Baptist(Source:IslamiCity)
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Zakatu-rid Tijaarah
()
Zakah of profits of merchandise.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zakatul Huboob ()
Zakah of grain/corn.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zakatul Ma'dan ()
Zakah of minerals.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zakatur Rikaaz ()
Zakah of treasure/precious stones.(Source:IslamIQ)
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Zalim (Thalim)
The wrong-doer, he who exceeds the limits of right, the
unjust.(Source:Prof.
Ishaq Zahid)
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Zamzam ()
The sacred well inside Al-Haram ash-Shareef in Makkah.
(Source:Prof. Ishaq
Zahid)
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Zendiq ()
One who goes so far into innovated and deviant beliefs and
philosophizing, etc. without sticking to the truth found in
the Qur'an and the Sunnah to such an extreme extent that
they actually leave Islam altogether.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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Zina
(Zena)
Illegal sexual intercourse and embraces both fornication
and adultery.
(Source:Prof. Ishaq Zahid)
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Zuhr
()
the obligatory salaah, prayer, that is performed in the
afternoon right after the sun moves away from it's zenith.
(Source:MSA-USC)
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