1825
Opening of Stockton to Darlington Railway.

1861-1865
American Civil War.

1807
Omar Ibn Said, a Senegalese Muslim scholar, arrives in the US as a slave.

1830
French take Algeria from the Ottomans.

1857
End of all Muslim rule in India after 1000 years as British exile Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor.

1885
Kahartoum falls to the Mahdi. British General Gordon is killed.

Death of The Mahdi (1844-1885), Muslim leader who conquered much of North East Africa, notably the Sudan, as part of a quest to purify Islam and purge goverments that didn't stay true to the faith. The empire ended in 1898 when the British captured Omdurman.

1889
Foundation of the Ahmadiyah religion at Quadian in India. The movement split in 1914, but is still influential. Orthodox Muslims disapprove of it because its founder claimed he was a prophet, thus denying Mohammad's (pbuh) status as the last prophet.

1924
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) starts to convert Turkey to a Turkish rather than an Islamic state, abolishing the Caliphate, and closing religious schools and courts. He later outlawed religous brotherhoods and the fez. In 1928 he replaced Arabic script with the Roman alphabet, and Turkey was delacred a secular state.

1928
Foundation of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. It proposed a return to fundamental values, and expanded rapidly across the Middle East.

c1930
Muhammad Fard (1877-1934) founds The Nation of Islam, the predominant Black Muslim movement, which was developed by Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975).

1938
Death of Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) Indian Muslim poet and philosopher, and protagonist of the creation of a separate Muslim state in the Indian subcontinent.

1946
Independence for Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

1947
Creation of the Islamic state of Pakistan.

1951
Independence for Libya.

1954
Muslim Brotherhood suppressed after an attempt to assassinate Nasser, leader of Egypt.

1956
Independence for Morocco and Tunisia.

1962
Independence for Algeria.

1965
Assassination of Malcom X (1925-1965), black Muslim leader by other black Muslims.

1969
Libyan government overthrown by Colonel Qadhdhafi.

1979
Revolution deposed Shah of Iran and established an Islamic Republic.

Islamic fanatics capture the Haram in Mecca and hold it for 2 weeks in an attempt to fulfil a religious prophecy. The mosque is recaptured and the surviving invaders are executed.

1980
Start of Iran-Iraq war.

1989
British novelist Salman Rushdie (1947-) produces The Satanic Verses, a book that outrages many Muslims. Rushdie is condemned to death in a fatwa imposed by Iranian clerics, that produces world wide controversy. The sentence has now been lifted.

Foundation of the Islamic Party of Britain

1990-1
Persian Gulf War is sparked by invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.

1997
UK: Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) is founded to "represent the Muslim community on Muslim issues" to the UK Government.

UK: Mohammed Sarwar becomes Britain's first Muslim MP in the General Election