Desecration of Church of Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

1013
Death of Al-Zahravi (936-1013) key figure in development of surgery.

1058
Birth of Al-Ghazali (1058-1111) Muslim mystic whose work Ihya` 'ulum ad-din brought Sufism into the Islamic mainstream.

1067
Founding of Nizamiyyahin Baghdad, the first madrassah, or college for Qur'an study.

1095
Council of Clermont: Pope Urban II initiates the First Crusade by asking the French to recapture the Holy Land from the Turks.

1098
Crusader armies capture Antioch from the Muslims and massacre the inhabitants.

1099
Jerusalem falls to Crusaders, 70,000 Muslim and Jewish inhabitants are slaughtered.

1109
Tripoli falls to the Crusaders.

1143
Qur'an first "translated" into Latin.

1145
Pope Eugenius III demands a Second Crusade.

1148
Second Crusade fails disastrously.

1166
Death of 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (1077/8-1166) founder of the Quadiriyah order of Sufi mystics, who reconciled Sufism with the principles of Islamic law.

1171
Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt ends.

1178
According to the "Sung Document", Muslim sailors land in Mu-Lan-Pi (America). (Regard this with caution.)

1183
Aleppo recaptured from the Crusaders by Saladin.

1186
Saladin proclaims Jihad against western forces.

1187
Saladin defeats western army at the Battle of Hattin, and executes many knights, seriously weakening the forces of Jerusalem.

Saladin recaptures Jerusalem (2 Oct).

Pope Gregory VIII demands a Third Crusade.

1189
Saladin now controls most of the Holy Land.

1188
Siege of Acre begins.

1191
Armies of the Third Crusade augment siege of Acre. Acre surrenders.

Battles of Tarain (70 miles N of Delhi) lead to the Muslim conquest of North India over the next 20 years.

1192
Saladin and Richard the Lionheart sign a 5 year peace treaty.

1193
Saladin dies (March 3).

1198
Pope Innocent III promotes the idea of a Fourth Crusade.