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Islamic Dictionary
English Translation of Arabic words
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| Abrār |
Pious and righteous |
| Adab |
Manners |
| 'Adn |
Paradise |
| Ahkām |
"Orders". According to Islāmic law, thre are five kinds of
orders:
- Compulsory (Wājib)
- Order without obligation (Mustahab)
- Forbidden (Muharram)
- Disliked but not forbidden (Makruh)
- Legal and allowed (Halāl)
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| 'Alamīn |
Mankind, jinns and all that exists |
| Ameen / Amīn |
A supplication meaning, "O Allah, respond (to or answer
what we have said)." |
| 'Aqeedah |
The belief system that is based upon a firm conviction in
all the fundamentals of faith and of the Oneness of Allah, i.e. creed
It is derived from the verb aqada meaning to firmly bind and knot.
Whatsoever settles in the heart in a firm and definitive manner is said to
be that person's aqeedah.
In the technical sense it refers to the definitive faith and certain
ruling that is not open to any doubt. It is called aqeedah because the
person binds his heart upon it. |
| Auliyā |
Friends, protectors, helpers, etc. |
| Ayāt |
Proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations,
etc. |
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| Bātil |
Falsehood |
| Bid'a |
Innovation in ibaddah [worship], to be avoided!
- The Prophet,
saaws,
said: "If anyone introduces an innovation in the
religion, he will be responsible for it. (Good or bad). If anyone
introduces an innovation or gives shelter to a man who introduces an
innovation (in the religion) he is cursed by Allaah, by His angels and by
all the people." [Dawud]
- The Prophet,
saaws,
said: "Whoever does an action which we (Allah and
His Messenger) have not commanded it will be rejected."
[Muslim - Sahih]
- Is of two types:
- Bida mukaffarah - That which amounts
to kufr and takes a person out of Islaam.
- Bida mufassaqah - That which makes a person a
faasiq but not a
kaafir.
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| Bismillah |
"In The Name of Allah", to be said by the Muslim before proceeding to do
that which is halal (permissible). |
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| Da'wah |
Literally means "call", and in this sense it refers to
calling to the Truth through preaching and propagation. |
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Dawat-us-salafiyyah
(also "Dawah Salafi", or "salafi dawah" although this is an
english transposition of the two words- [say DOW-uh(t) uh sal-uh-FEE-uh]) |
Literally means call of the past, those who preceded us.
This is the spreading of Islam in accordance with Qur'an and Sunnah,
recognizing the understanding of the pious Salaf in this matter as
being superior (more accurate) than modern ideas and inventions, with an
intention to avoid innovation in ibaddah (an all encompassing word
for worship, i.e. halal [permissible] acts of submission to Allah swt). |
| Deen |
The Way of Life for a Muslim, i.e. religion |
| Dhu-Mahram |
A male whom a woman can never marry because of close
relationship (i.e. brother, father, uncle, etc.) or her own husband |
| Du'a |
Supplication and Invocation to Allah,
subhana
watala |
| Dunya |
This world or life, as opposed to the Hereafter |
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| Fajarah |
Wicked evil doers |
| Fajr |
The obligatory (faard) salah (prayer) before sunrise |
| Fara'id (Faard) |
Obligatory duties |
| Fāsiqūn |
Rebellious, the disobedient to Allah swt |
| Fiqh |
The meaning of the word fiqh is understanding,
comprehension, knowledge, and jurisprudence in Islam. A jurist is called a
Faqih who is an expert in matters of Islamic legal matters.
A Faqih is to pass verdicts within the rules of the Islamic Law namely
Shariah.
The most famous scholars of Fiqh in the history Muslims are the founders
of the four schools of thought in Islam: Imam Malik, Imam Ash-Shafi'i, Imam
Abu Hanifah, and Imam Ahmad.
Anything or action in Islam falls within the following five categories of
Fiqh:
- Fardh (Must): This category is
a must for the Muslim to do such as the five daily prayers. Doing the
Fardh counts as a good deed, and not doing it is considered a bad deed or
a sin.
It is also called Wajib except for
Imam Abu Hanifah who makes Wajib a separate category between the Fardh and
the Mubah.
- Mandub (Recommended): This
category is recommended for the Muslim to do such as extra prayers after
Zuhr and Maghrib. Doing the Mandub counts as a good deed and not doing it
does not count as a bad deed or a sin.
- Mubah (Allowed): This category
is left undecided and left for the person, such as eating apples or
oranges. Doing or not doing the Mubah does not count as a good or bad
deed.
Intention of the person can change Mubah to Fard, Mandub, Makruh,
or Haram.
Other things could also change the status of the Mubah. For
example, any Mubah becomes Haram if it is proven harmful, and any
necessary thing to fulfill a Fardh is a Fardh too.
- Makruh (Hated): This category
is a detested and hated such as growing very long fingernails or sleeping
on the stomach. Not doing the Makruh counts as a good deed and doing it
does not count as a bad deed.
- Haram (Prohibited): This
category is prohibited for the Muslim to do such as stealing and lying.
Doing the haram counts as a bad deed and not doing it counts as a good
deed.
"Fiqh literally means, the true understanding of what is intended.
An example of this usage can be found in the Prophet Muhammad's [saaws]
statement?: "To whosever Allah wished good, he gives the Fiqh (true
understanding) of the deen". Technically, however, fiqh referes to the
science of deducing Islamic Laws from evidence found in the sources of
Islamic law. By extension it also means the body of Islamic laws so
deduced." -Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips |
| Fitnah |
Polytheism and to disbelieve after one has believed in
Allah, or a trial or a calamity, affliction or to set up rivals in worship
with Allah, etc. |
| Fitrah |
Islamic scholar al-Sayyuti said: "The best explanation of
fitrah is that it is the Sunnah (way) of all of the Prophets which is in
agreement with (all of) the revealed Laws, indicating that it is a response
to naturally created inclinations." |
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| Ghaib |
Unseen |
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| Hadith / Hadeeth |
Literally means "something new". In Islam, refers to that
which is attributed to the Prophet (saaws) as regards words, actions or
tacit approval, physical features and characteristics |
| Halal |
Permissible, lawful |
| Haraam |
Prohibited, illegal |
| Hasan |
Good or acceptable. Used to indicate authenticity of some
reports |
| Hijab |
Literally means Concealing, screening, protecting and is
used to refer to the mandatory dress of the muslim, male or female. (Plural
is hujub)
The root word of hijab is hajaba and that means: hajb
(to veil), cover, screen, shelter, seclude (from), to hide, obscure (from
sight), to make imperceptible, invisible, to conceal, to make or form a
separation (a woman), to disguise, masked, to conceal, hide, to flee from
sight, veil, to veil, conceal, to cover up, become hidden, to be obscured,
to vanish, to become invisible, disappear from sight, to veil, to conceal,
to withdraw, to elude perception.
- Hajb: seclusion, screening off, keeping away, keeping off
- Hujub: cover, wrap, drape, a curtain, a woman's veil, screen,
partition, folding screen, barrier
- Ihtijab: Concealment, hiddenness, seclusion, veildness,
veiling, purdah
- Mahjub: concealed, hidden, veiled
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| Hijrah |
Means migration. The Hijrah refers to the Prophet's
migration from Mecca to Madinah. This journey took place in the twelfth year
of his mission (622 C.E.). This is the beginning of the Muslim calendar. The
word hijrah means to leave a place to seek sancturary or freedom from
persecution or freedom of religion or any other purpose. Hijrah can also
mean to leave a bad way of life for a good or more righteous way. |
| Hudud |
The limits ordained by Allah. This includes the punishment
for crimes. |
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