Who is Allah ?
By Abu Iman Abd ar-Rahman Robert
Squires. © Muslim Answers
Some of the
biggest misconceptions that many non-Muslims have about Islam have to do with
the word "Allah". For various reasons, many people have come to believe
that Muslims worship a different God than Christians and Jews. This is totally
false, since "Allah" is simply the Arabic word for "God" - and
there is only One God. Let there be no doubt - Muslims worship the God of
Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace be upon them all. However,
it is certainly true that Jews, Christians and Muslims all have different
concepts of Almighty God. For example, Muslims - like Jews - reject the
Christian beliefs of the Trinity and the Divine Incarnation. This, however,
doesn't mean that each of these three religions worships a different
God - because, as we have already said, there is only One True God. Judaism,
Christianity and Islam all claim to be "Abrahamic Faiths", and all of
them are also classified as "monotheistic". However, Islam teaches that
other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure
and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing
them with man-made ideas.
First of all, it is important to note that "Allah"
is the same word that Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews use for God. If you
pick up an Arabic Bible, you will see the word "Allah" being used where
"God" is used in English. (Click
here to see some examples of the word "Allah" in the
Arabic
Bible.) This is because "Allah" is the only word in the Arabic
language equivalent to the English word "God" with a capital "G".
Additionally, the word "Allah" cannot be made plural or given gender
(i.e. masculine or feminine), which goes hand-in-hand with the Islamic concept
of God. Because of this, and also because the Qur'an, which is the holy
scripture of Muslims, was revealed in the Arabic language, some Muslims use
the word "Allah" for "God", even when they are speaking other
languages. This is not unique to the word "Allah", since many
Muslims tend to use Arabic words when discussing Islamic issues, regardless of
the language which they speak. This is because the universal teachings
of Islam - even though they have been translated in every major language -
have been preserved in the Arabic language.
It is interesting to note that the Aramaic word
"El", which is the word for God in the language that Jesus spoke, is
certainly more similar in sound to the word "Allah" than the English
word "God". This also holds true for the various Hebrew words for God,
which are "El" and "Elah", and the plural form "Elohim".
The reason for these similarities is that Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic are all
Semitic languages with common origins. It should also be noted that in
translating the Bible into English, the Hebrew word "El" is translated
variously as "God", "god" and "angel"! This imprecise
language allows different translators, based on their preconceived notions, to
translate the word to fit their own views. The Arabic word "Allah"
presents no such difficulty or ambiguity, since it is only used for Almighty
God alone. Additionally, in English, the only difference between "god",
meaning a false god, and "God", meaning the One True God, is the
capital "G". In the Arabic alphabet, since it does not have capital
letters, the word for God (i.e. Allah) is formed by adding the
equivalent to the English word "the" (Al-) to the Arabic word
for "god/God" (ilah). So the Arabic word "Allah"
literally it means "The God" - the "Al-" in Arabic basically
serving the same function as the capital "G" in English. Due to the
above mentioned facts, a more accurate translation of the word "Allah"
into English might be "The One -and-Only God" or "The One True God".
More importantly, it should also be noted that the
Arabic word "Allah" contains a deep religious message due to its root
meaning and origin. This is because it stems from the Arabic verb ta'allaha
(or alaha), which means "to be worshipped". Thus in Arabic, the
word "Allah" means "The One who deserves all worship". This, in
a nutshell, is the Pure Monotheistic message of Islam. You see, according to
Islam, "monotheism" is much more than simply believing in the
existence of "only One God" - as seemingly opposed to two, three or
more. If one understands the root meaning of the word "Allah", this
point should become clear. One should understand that Islam's criticism of the
other religions that claim to be "monotheistic" is not because
they are "polytheistic" in the classic sense, but because they direct
various forms of worship to other than Almighty God. We will discuss
the meaning of worship in Islam below, however, before moving on it should be
noted that many non-Muslims are unaware of the distinction between simply
believing in the existence of only One God and reserving all
worship for Him alone. Many Christians are painfully unaware of this
point, and thus you often find them asking how Muslims can accuse the
followers of Jesus, peace be upon him, of being "polytheists" when they
were all "monotheistic Jews". First of all, it should be clarified that
the word "polytheist" doesn't really sound right in this context, since
to many it implies simply believing in the existence of more than one
God. So in an Islamic context, "associators", "man-worshippers"
or "creature worshippers" might be more accurate and appropriate terms
- especially since Christians believe Jesus to be both "100% God and 100%
man", while still paying lip-service to God's "Oneness". However,
as we're previously touched upon, what is really at the root of this problem
is the fact that Christians - as well as the members of other religions -
don't really know what "monotheism" means - especially in the Islamic
sense. All of the books, articles and papers that I've read which were written
by Christians invariably limit "monotheism" to believing in the
existence of "One Sovereign and Creator God". Islam, however,
teaches much more than this.
Suffice it to say that just because someone claims to
be a "monotheistic" Jew, Christian or Muslim, that doesn't keep them
from falling into corrupt beliefs and idolatrous practices. Many people,
including some Muslims, claim belief in "One God" even though they've
fallen into acts of idolatry. Certainly, many Protestants accuse Roman
Catholics of idolatrous practices in regards to the saints and the Virgin
Mary. Likewise, the Greek Orthodox Church is considered "idolatrous" by
many other Christians because in much of their worship they use icons.
However, if you ask a Roman Catholic or a Greek Orthodox person if God is
"One", they will invariably answer: "Yes!". This lip-service,
however, does not stop them from being "creature worshipping"
idolaters. The same goes for Hindus, who just consider their gods to be
"manifestations" or "incarnations" of the One Supreme God.
Everyone should be aware of the fact that throughout
the long history of the "Abrahamic Faiths", there have people who,
while believing in "One God", have adopted beliefs and practices that
completely nullify their claim to "monotheism". This is the Muslim view
of Christians. We're well aware of the fact that they claim belief in "One
God" with their lips, but this doesn't mean that they don't nullify their
claim in other ways. This is because many people simply haven't been taught
everything that Pure Monotheism entails. From an Islamic point of view,
"monotheism" can be nullified in many ways. For example, simply believing
that it is permissible to rule by Western "liberal" and "democratic"
laws in lieu of the Divinely Revealed Law of Almighty God makes one a
"polytheist". Certainly, a person who does such a thing, whether Jewish,
Christian or Muslim, doesn't ever believe that there is another Almighty
Creator and Sovereign Lord. However, for all practical purposes, such a person
has take another "god", whether they choose to admit it or not. In this
way they are associating partners with Almighty God (Arabic: shirk),
and thus become a "polytheist" in a practical sense, regardless of
their lip-service to "monotheism". This holds true even if the person
doesn't believe what they are doing is "worship". For example, Roman
Catholics who pray to the Virgin Mary will staunchly deny that they are
"worshipping" her. They instead call it "adoration" or some other
watered-down term. However, from an Islamic point of view, what is worship if
not this? Islam teaches that prayer and supplication are the marrow of
worship, so if one directs their prayers to an intermediary (even if the pray
is "ultimately" meant for God), then what is left of worship?
Additionally, how can someone who believes in Almighty God follow man-made
laws instead of God's Law, without admitting that they've begun worshipping
other than God? Do they know better than God?
Additionally, the Old Testament makes it perfectly
clear that making a "graven image" of any created thing (not to mention
ones which are supposed to "represent" Almighty God) is prohibited.
Please see Exodus 20:4-6, Leviticus 26:1 and Deuteronomy 4:16, 23, 25, 5:8 and
Nehemiah 9:6 for some statements in regards to this point. Without addressing
the issue that Christians commonly violate the unambiguous commandment not to
even "make" representations of anything that is in the "heavens
above or on the earth beneath", these verses not only teach that
worshipping idols is prohibited, but also that Almighty God is eternally
distinct from His creation and thus nothing in His creation can
represent Him. To believe otherwise is to be a de facto idol worshipper
- even if one claims belief in one, and only one, "True God". In Exodus
20:4-6 and Deuteronomy 4:16, Almighty God - who is a "Jealous God" -
makes it perfectly clear that He is distinct from His creation.
By giving such clear and merciful guidance to human
beings, God is establishing a universal and eternal Truth for the benefit of
mankind. This eternal Truth is the bedrock of religious guidance, since once
people begin to believe that Almighty God mixes with or can be represented by
His creation, they can be duped into believing almost anything. Once someone
accepts that God has become "incarnate" in His creation, or that
someone or something is a "manifestation" - and thus representation -
of Him, the floodgates are open and "Truth" becomes a matter of
subjective guesswork. Once the first and most basic concept is violated -
regardless of how complicated and sophisticated the rationale for it might be
- it is very easy to fall further and further away from the Eternal Truth of
Pure Monotheism. In the final analysis, it is not a question of whether God is
capable of becoming a man, but rather a question of whether one bases their
beliefs about God on clear, unambiguous and authentic guidance. Once it is
left up to the human mind to decide what Almighty God can and cannot do, the
stage is set for misguidance to take root. Human speculation about God only
ends up leading to misguidance and despair, since no clear conclusions can
ever be reached. For example, is God capable of creating an object so heavy
that He is incapable of moving it? If not, does that mean that He is
incapable? It is because of misguided questions like this that Islam clearly
teaches that mankind should only say about God what He has said about Himself.
This means all of our ideas about God must be based on Revelation - not
human speculation. In short, the final prophet of Islam - Muhammad - was sent
by Almighty God to preach the same Pure Monotheism that was practiced by Noah,
Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace be upon them all. This Pure Monotheism
means not only believing that there is only One God in existence, but
realizing that He is transcedent above His creation and that all worship is
due to Him alone.
Before concluding, we should probably address the
practice of those Muslims who insist on using the Arabic word
"Allah" even when speaking English. Even though this practice certainly is
not to be condemned when it is done around those who understand the
meaning of the Arabic word "Allah", it is my experience - both during
my years as a non-Muslim and my years as a Muslim - that such a practice can
(and usually does) breed misunderstanding. It seems that often times, many of
the Muslims who use the word "Allah" in lieu of the word "God",
even when trying to attract people to Islam, are unaware of the severe
misunderstandings that many non-Muslims have about Islam (and the distorted
way which Islam has been portrayed in the West). Insisting on using the word
"Allah" only fuels the flames of misunderstanding - so there's no good
reason to do it. I've often wondered what value some Muslims think that
using the word "Allah" adds to the Pure Message that they are trying to
convey. ( . . . and I'm still waiting for an answer!) Unfortunately, those
Muslims who insist on using the word "Allah" even when addressing
non-Muslims who are unfamiliar with Islam and the Arabic language, do both a
disservice to themselves and their religion. Unfortunately, this practice is
usually based on the false assumption - by a non-native speaker of English -
that the word "God" in English is incapable of expressing a pure and
proper belief in Almighty God. This is certainly false. If someone says that
the English word "God" cannot be used to express the Pure Islamic
Belief in Tawhid, they are wrong not because they don't
understand Tawhid, but simply because they don't understand the English
language. Many people who insist on using the Arabic word "Allah"
usually don't realize this, because in reality, they are not so much affirming
the word "Allah" as they are rejecting the word "God" as
unsuitable - based on incorrect assumptions. For someone to assume that the
word "God" presupposes a certain theological point-of-view (such as the
Trinity) is simply Wrong - and that's Wrong with a capital "W". To say the
word "God" should be rejected because it can be changed into "god",
"gods" or "goddess" is illogical because each of these words has
a distinctive meaning and a distinctive spelling - at least to
someone who knows how to speak English correctly. Using the same logic, I can
demonstrate that the root letters "ktb" can be used to form the Arabic
words "kitab" (book), "maktabah" (library), "maktab"
(office) and "kaatib" (writer), but does that mean that these words
have the same meaning? Do Arabic-speaking people go through life confusing
libraries with writers and offices with books (both in conversation and in
reality)? I think not! This is not to mention the fact that if the Arabic
"Al-" was put in front of these words in order to make them definite,
confusion would be even less likely! So the logic in both cases is the same,
and this is because even though the same letters are used in "God" and
"god", these two words have two different meanings in the English
language. The capital "G" implies something different than the small
"g" - and anyone who denies this simply doesn't know how to speak the
English language.
In concluding this point, it should be mentioned that
Arabic-speaking Muslims who believe in Pure Tawhid, Arabic-speaking
Christians, the idol worshippers of Mecca and (so-called) Muslims who believe
in "Wahdat al-Wujud" all use the word "Allah". However, does
this guarantee all of them proper belief in "Allah"? Certainly not,
because if they have a corrupt concept of "Allah" it doesn't matter
what word they use!
This brings us to a more important point: It should be
clearly understood that what Islam is primarily concerned with is correcting
mankind's concept of Almighty God. What we are ultimately going to be
held accountable at the end of our life is not whether we prefer the word
"Allah" over the word "God", but what our concept of God is.
Language is only a side issue. A person can have an incorrect concept of God
while using the word "Allah", and likewise a person can have a correct
concept of God while using the word "God". This is because both of
these words are equally capable of being misused and being improperly defined.
As we've already mentioned, using the word "Allah" no more insinuates
belief in the Unity of God than the use of the word "God" insinuates
belief in the Trinity - or any other theological opinion. Naturally, when God
sends a revelation to mankind through a prophet, He is going to send it in a
language that the people who receive it can understand and relate to. Almighty
God makes this clear in the Qur'an, when He states:
- "Never did We send a
Messenger except (to teach) in the language of his (own) people in
order to make (things) clear to them."
- (Qur'an, Chapter 14 - "Abraham",
Verse 4)
As Muslims, we think that it is unfortunate that we
have to go into details on such seemingly minor issues, but so many falsehoods
have been heaped upon our religion, that we feel that it is our duty to try to
break down the barriers of falsehood. This isn't always easy, since there is a
lot of anti-Islamic literature in existence which tries to make Islam look
like something strange and foreign to Westerners. There are some people out
there, who are obviously not on the side of truth, that want to get people to
believe that "Allah" is just some Arabian "god", and that Islam
is completely "other" - meaning that it has no common roots with the
other Abrahamic religions (i.e. Christianity and Judaism). To say that
Muslims worship a different "God" because they say "Allah" is
just as illogical as saying that French people worship another God because
they use the word "Dieu", that Spanish-speaking people worship a
different God because they say "Dios" or that the Hebrews worshipped a
different God because they sometimes call Him "Yahweh". Certainly,
reasoning like this is quite ridiculous! It should also be mentioned, that
claiming that any one language uses the only the correct word for God is
tantamount to denying the universality of God's message to mankind, which was
to all nations, tribes and people through various prophets who spoke different
languages.
Before closing, we would like everyone to be aware of
the fact that some Christian missionary organizations print English literature
intended to teach Christians about Islam which say such things as: "Allah
is the god of the Muslims" and that "Muhammad came to get people to
believe in the god Allah" - implying that "Allah" is some sort of
false "god". However, when these same organizations print literature in
the Arabic language, hoping to lead Arabic-speaking Muslims "to Christ",
they use the word "Allah" for God. It seems that if they were on the
side of truth, they would not have to resort to such inconsistencies. And on
an even more ridiculous note . . . there are also missionary
organizations that exceed this in ignorance (or deceit) by writing books that
call on Muslims to give up their belief in "Allah", and instead worship
the "Lord" Jesus, "the Son of God". Besides making it abundantly
clear that they are outside the community of Pure Monotheism, the people who
write such material don't even realize that if they wrote such a pamphlet in
Arabic, it would be self-contradictory. This is because in an Arabic Bible
Jesus is the "Son of Allah"! If an Arabic-speaking person gave up the
worship of "Allah", they would have no God to worship, since "Allah"
is simply the Arabic word for God!
Before we conclude, however, we would like to ask our
readers to ask themselves what they think the reasons are behind all of these
lies? If Islam was just some false religion that didn't make any sense, would
so many people, from Western scholars to Christian missionaries, have to tell
so many lies about it? The reason is that the Ultimate Truth of Islam stands
on solid ground and its unshakable belief in the Unity of God is above
reproach. Due to this, Christians can't criticize its doctrines directly, but
instead make up things about Islam that aren't true so that people lose the
desire to learn more. If Muslims were able to present Islam in the proper way
to people in the West, it surely might make many people reconsider and
re-evaluate their own beliefs. It is quite likely that Christians, when they
find out that there is a universal religion in the world that teaches people
to worship and love God, while also practicing Pure Monotheism, would at least
feel that they should re-examine the basis for their own beliefs and
doctrines.